Switched token ring over ISL (TR-ISL) network

• US 6,704,318 B1
• Filed: 03/10/1999
• Issued: 03/09/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Stuart, Carson, Kidd, Jeffrey W., Garavaglia, Wayne, Potter, Kenneth H. Jr., Carroll, David A., Adams, Kara J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Chi
• Assistant Examiner(s): Boakye, Alexander O.
• Application Number:
  US09/265,668
• Time in Patent Office: 1,826 Days
• Field of Search: 370/401, 370/402, 370/434, 370/403, 370/404, 370/411, 370/405, 370/452, 370/406, 370/407, 370/408, 370/258, 370/400, 370/395.53, 370/450, 370/393, 714/758
• US Class Current: 370/403
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/433 with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/46 Interconnection of networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4604 LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4641 Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN] LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone H04L12/462; encapsulation techniques H04L12/4633; routing of packets H04L45/00; packet switches H04L49/00; virtual private networks for security H04L63/0272

Abstract

A technique efficiently transports token ring (TR) frames over trunks interconnecting switches of a distributed TR bridge. The TR bridge is characterized by a logical switch fabric that is distributed among the interconnected switches by the trunks, which are preferably interswitch link (ISL) trunks. Each switch includes a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments. The BRF and CRF of the distributed TR bridge operate according to a 2-tier switching model wherein each CRF and BRF is assigned an individual virtual local area network identifier. The technique encapsulates the TR frames in a TR-ISL protocol format that accomodates differences in formats of various TR frames and that comports with the 2-tier switching model of the distributed TR bridge.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames through a token ring computer network, comprising:

interconnecting a first switch and a second switch with an interswitch link (ISL) link;

receiving an incoming TR frame at an inbound port of the first switch, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to obtain forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the forwarding information from the incoming TR frame; and

encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link, a logical token ring extending from the CRF through the ISL link.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of encapsulating comprises the steps of:

appending a TR-ISL header to the incoming TR frame, the appended TR-ISL header including a source virtual local area network (VLAN) field; and

loading the source VLAN field with the computed information pertaining to the source VLAN identifier (ID).

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

43. A computer readable media, comprising:

said computer readable media containing instructions for execution in a processor for the practice of the method of claim 1, or claim 5, or claim 8 or claim 20 or claim 29 or claim 41.

44. Electromagnetic signals propagating on a computer network, comprising:

said electromagnetic signals carrying instructions for execution on a processor for the practice of the method of claim 1, or claim 5, or claim 8 or claim 20 or claim 29, or claim 44.

5. A method for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames through a token ring computer network, comprising:

interconnecting a first switch and a second switch with an interswitch link (ISL) link;

receiving an incoming TR frame at an inbound port of the first switch, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the computed forwarding information from the incoming TR frame;

encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the computed forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link;

appending a TR-ISL header to the incoming TR frame, the TR-ISL header including source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) fields along with source and destination route descriptor (RD) fields;

loading the source and destination VLAN fields with the computed forwarding information pertaining to a source and destination VLAN identifiers (IDs); and

loading the source and destination RD fields with the computed forwarding information pertaining to the source and destination RDs.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination VLAN IDs.

7. The method of claim 5 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination RDs.

8. A method for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames through a token ring computer network, comprising:

interconnecting a first switch and a second switch with an interswitch link (ISL) link;

receiving an incoming TR frame at an inbound port of the first switch, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the computed forwarding information from the incoming TR frame;

encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the computed forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link;

appending a TR-ISL header to the incoming TR frame, the TR-ISL header including source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) fields along with source and destination route descriptor (RD) fields;

appending an E size field of the TR-ISL header, the E size field specifying an extent of padding for the encapsulated TR frame;

appending an F field of the TR-ISL header, the F field containing an FCS not present indicator;

loading the source and destination VLAN fields with the computed forwarding information pertaining to the source and destination VLAN identifiers (IDs); and

loading the source and destination RD fields with the computed forwarding information pertaining to the source and destination RD fields.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein each TR frame has a routing information field (RIF) including a RIF length field and a route field, and wherein the step of parsing the incoming TR frame comprises the steps of:

examining contents of the RIF length field of the incoming TR frame at port interface circuitry of the inbound port; and

if the contents of the RIF length field indicate there is no routing information contained in the route field of the RIF, computing information contents of (i) the source and destination VLAN fields as the VLAN ID of the source CRF and (ii) the source and destination RD fields as null.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein each CRF has a ring number (RN) and each BRF has a bridge number (BN), and wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the contents of the RIF length field indicate there is routing information contained in the route field of the RIF, scanning the RIF to determine if the source CRF RN is contained (matched) in the RIF; and

if the source CRF RN is not matched in the RIF, discarding the incoming TR frame.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the source CRF RN is matched in the RIF, determining whether the matching CRF RN is the first RN in the RIF; and

if the matching CRF RN is not the first RN in the RIF, loads the source RD field with RD information located before the matching CRF RN to thereby update the computed information.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the matching CRF RN is the first RN in the RIF, determining whether the matching CRF RN is the last RN of the RIF; and

if the matching CRF RN is the last RN of the RIF, using the updated computed information to render the forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the matching CRF RN is not the last RN of the RIF, determining whether a BN following the matching CRF RN is a BRF BN logically coupled to the matching CRF RN; and

if the following BRF BN is not logically coupled to the matching CRF RN, loading the destination RD field with RD information located after the matching CRF RN to thereby update the computed information.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the following BRF BN is logically coupled to the matching CRF RN, using a next CRF RN in the RIF as an index into a CRF table to access an entry having a CRF VLAN ID field and a valid bit; and

if the valid bit is not asserted, loading the destination RD field with RD information located after the matching CRF RN to thereby update the computed information.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of parsing further comprises the steps of:

if the valid bit is asserted, loading the destination VLAN field with contents of the CRF VLAN ID field;

determining whether the matching CRF RN is the last RN of the RIF;

if the matching CRF RN is not the last RN of the RIF, loading the destination RD field with RD information located after the matching CRF RN to thereby update the computed information.

16. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of rendering a forwarding decision comprises the step of accessing a modified forwarding table of the first switch.

17. A system for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames between switches of a distributed TR bridge having a distributed switch fabric, each switch including a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments, each CRF and BRF assigned a virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier (ID), the system comprising:

an interswitch link (ISL) trunk interconnecting the switches of the TR bridge;

interface circuitry contained within each switch for coupling to the ISL trunk, the interface circuitry encapsulating a TR frame within a TR-ISL header having a source VLAN ID associated with a source CRF of the TR frame, the interface circuitry transmitting the TR-ISL encapsulated frame over the ISL trunk.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the TR-ISL header comprises source and destination VLAN fields along with source and destination route descriptor (RD) fields.

19. A system for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames between switches of a distributed TR bridge having a distributed switch fabric, each switch including a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments, each CRF and BRF assigned a virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier (ID), the system comprising:

an interswitch link (ISL) trunk interconnecting the switches of the TR bridge;

interface circuitry contained within each switch for coupling to the ISL trunk, the interface circuitry encapsulating a TR frame within a TR-ISL header having a source VLAN ID associated with a source CRF of the TR frame, the interface circuitry transmitting the TR-ISL encapsulated frame over the ISL trunk;

wherein the TR-ISL header comprises source and destination VLAN fields along with source and destination route descriptor (RD) fields; and

wherein the TR-ISL header further comprises an E size field with contents that specify an extent of padding for the encapsulated TR frame and an F field containing a frame check sequence (FCS) not present indicator.

20. A method for use in a switch comprising the steps of:

receiving an incoming token ring (TR) frame at an inbound port of the switch, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

parsing the incoming TR frame to compute forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the computed forwarding information from the incoming TR frame; and

encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the computed forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the switch over an interswitch link (ISL).

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

22. The method of claim 20 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

23. A switch, comprising:

means for receiving an incoming token ring (TR) frame at an inbound port of the switch, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

means for parsing the incoming TR frame to compute information;

means for rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the computed forwarding information from the incoming TR frame; and

means for encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the computed forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the switch over an interswitch link (ISL).

24. Switch according to claim 23 further comprising:

the inbound port to computing source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

25. Switch according to claim 23 further comprising:

the inbound port to computing source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

26. A switch, comprising:

an inbound port to receive an incoming token ring (TR) frame, the inbound port associated with a source Concentrator Relay Function (CRF);

an outbound port to send an outgoing TR frame over an interswitch link (ISL);

circuitry to parse the incoming TR frame to compute forwarding information;

circuitry to render a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the computed forwarding information from the incoming TR frame; and

circuitry to encapsulate the incoming TR frame with the computed forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the outbound port over the ISL.

27. Switch according to claim 26 further comprising:

the inbound port to computing source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

28. Switch according to claim 26 further comprising:

the inbound port to computing source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

29. A method to operate a computer network comprising:

coupling a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) of a first switch to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving and transmitting TR frames over TR segments;

coupling a BRF of a second switch to a plurality of CRFs having a plurality of ports for receiving and transmitting TR frames over TR segments;

interconnecting the first and second switches with an interswitch link (ISL) link;

receiving an incoming TR frame at an inbound port of the first switch, the inbound port associated with a source CRF;

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to obtain forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the forwarding information from the incoming TR frame;

encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the forwarding information to form an encapsulated frame when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link; and

transmitting the encapsulated frame from the first switch over the ISL link to the second switch.

30. The method of claim 29 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

31. The method of claim 29 further comprising:

parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to compute source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

32. The method of claim 29 further comprising:

running a logical token ring through the first switch, the second switch and the ISL link.

33. Apparatus for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames through a token ring computer network, comprising:

a first switch including a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving and transmitting TR frames over TR segments;

a second switch including a BRF coupled to a plurality of CRFs having a plurality of ports for receiving and transmitting TR frames over TR segments;

an interswitch link (ISL) interconnecting the first and second switches;

an inbound port of the first switch receiving a TR frame, the inbound port associated with a source CRF;

the inbound port parsing an incoming TR frame to obtain forwarding information;

a first circuitry to render a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the forwarding information;

a second circuitry to encapsulate an incoming TR frame with the forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link; and

an outbound port to transmit the encapsulated frame from the first switch over the ISL link to the second switch.

34. Apparatus according to claim 33 further comprising:

the inbound port computing source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

35. Apparatus according to claim 33 further comprising:

the inbound port computing source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

36. Apparatus according to claim 33 further comprising:

the first switch, second switch and the ISL link implementing a logical token ring through the first switch, the second switch and the ISL link.

37. Apparatus for efficiently transporting token ring (TR) frames through a token ring computer network, comprising:

a first switch including a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments

a second switch including a BRF coupled to a plurality of CRFs having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments;

an interswitch link (ISL) link interconnecting the first and second switches;

means for receiving an incoming TR frame at an inbound port of the first switch, the inbound port associated with a source CRF;

means for parsing the incoming TR frame at the inbound port to obtain forwarding information;

means for rendering a forwarding decision for the incoming TR frame using the forwarding information from the incoming TR frame;

means for encapsulating the incoming TR frame with the forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting of the TR frame from the first switch to the second switch over the ISL link; and

means for transmitting the encapsulated frame from the first switch over the ISL link to the second switch.

38. Apparatus according to claim 37 further comprising:

the inbound port computing source and destination virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers (IDs).

39. Apparatus according to claim 37 further comprising:

the inbound port computing source and destination route descriptors (RDs).

40. Apparatus according to claim 37 further comprising:

the first switch, second switch and the ISL link implementing a logical token ring through the first switch, the second switch and the ISL link.

41. A method for operating a switch, comprising:

receiving a token ring frame (TR frame) at a port of the switch, the port coupled to a concentrator relay function (CRF) within the switch;

parsing the incoming TR frame to obtain forwarding information;

rendering a forwarding decision for the TR frame in response to the forwarding information;

encapsulating the TR frame with the forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting the TR frame over an Interswitch link (ISL link) to a distant switch; and

transmitting the encapsulated frame over the ISL link to establish a logical token ring network from the CRF through the ISL link to the distant switch.

42. The method of claim 41 further comprising:

coupling a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) to a plurality of CRFs having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over token ring (TR) segments.

45. A switch, comprising:

means for receiving a token ring frame (TR frame) at a port of the switch, the port coupled to a concentrator relay function (CRF) within the switch;

means for parsing the incoming TR frame to obtain forwarding information;

means for rendering a forwarding decision for the TR frame in response to the forwarding information;

means for encapsulating the TR frame with the forwarding information when the rendered forwarding decision indicates transporting the TR frame over an Interswitch link (ISL link) to a distant switch; and

means for transmitting the encapsulated frame over the ISL link to establish a logical token ring network from the CRF through the ISL link to the distant switch.

46. A switch according to claim 45 further comprising:

means for coupling a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) to a plurality of Concentrator Relay Functions (CRFs) having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments.

47. A switch, comprising:

a first port to receive a token ring frame (TR frame), the port connected to a concentrator relay function (CRF) within the switch;

a parser to parse the TR frame to obtain forwarding information;

a circuit to render a forwarding decision, and in the event that the forwarding decision indicates transporting the TR frame over an Interswitch link (ISL link) to a distant switch, encapsulating the TR frame with the forwarding information; and

a second port coupled to the ISL link to transmit the encapsulated frame over the ISL link to establish a logical token ring network from the CRF through the ISL link to the distant switch.

48. A switch according to claim 47 further comprising:

a Bridge Relay Function (BRF) coupled to a plurality of CRFs having a plurality of ports for receiving TR frames over TR segments.