In-line particulate detector

• US 6,710,878 B1
• Filed: 06/14/1999
• Issued: 03/23/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Dean, Anthony John, Shapiro, Andrew Philip
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Zandra V.
• Application Number:
  US09/333,181
• Time in Patent Office: 1,744 Days
• Field of Search: 356/337, 356/338, 356/437, 356/436, 356/441, 250/339.13, 250/343
• US Class Current: 356/436
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/532 with measurement of scattering and transmission
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/85 Investigating moving fluids or granular solids

Abstract

An in-line particulate detector comprises a housing having an inner flow portion. The housing Is disposed between adjacent portions of pipeline to permit a fuel flow from a fuel source through the inner flow portion to a fuel consumer. A light source is positioned within the housing for emitting a light beam within the inner flow portion. A first photodetector is positioned within the housing to detect the full strength of the light beam. A second photodetector is positioned within the housing to detect low, baseline levels of the light beam. Circuitry is coupled to first and second photodetectors to monitor the ratio of light intensities. When a fuel containing particulates is introduced, the light beam is scattered and the intensity measured by the second photodetector will increase and the intensity measured by the first photodetector will decrease.

Claims

1. An in-line particulate detector comprising:

a housing having an inner flow portion in flow communication with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, which housing is installed in-line between adjacent portions of a pipeline in a system and is removably disposable between the adjacent portions of the pipeline to permit a fuel flow from a fuel source through said inner flow portion to a fuel consumer;

a laser diode light source disposed within said housing for emitting a light beam within said inner flow portion;

a first photodiode disposed within said housing positioned opposite and substantially normal to said laser diode light source such that substantially full strength of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said first photodiode;

a second photodiode disposed within said housing adjacent said first photodiode and offset from a normal unimpeded path between said laser diode and said first photodiode such that a baseline level of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said second photodiode;

circuitry coupled to said first and second photodiodes to monitor the ratio of light intensities measured by said first and second photodiode to indicate the presence of particulate within an introduced fuel flow; and

a control structure inputted into said circuitry to initiate a system control based on the ratio of light intensities.

2. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said flow is natural gas.

3. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said flow is selected from the group consisting of propane, hexane, heptane, gas derived from coal, and methane.

4. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein a fuel containing particulates will cause a generated light beam to be scattered, and the light intensity measured by second photodiode will increase above the baseline level and the light intensity reaching first photodiode will decrease.

5. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said control structure is inputted into said circuitry by programming into memory of an application specific integrated circuit.

6. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with with claim 1, wherein said control structure is inputted into said circuitry by being embedded in the form of algorithms in one or more computers.

7. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 6, wherein said computer is selected from the group consisting of a workstation, a minicomputer, a microcomputer, and a supercomputer.

8. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said control structure is programmed in a language selected from the group of C, C++, Basic, MATLAB, and FORTRAN.

9. An in-line particulate detector comprising;

a housing having an inner flow portion in flow communication with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlets, which housing is installed in-line between adjacent portions of a pipeline in a system and is removably disposable between the adjacent portions of the pipeline to permit a fuel flow from a fuel source through said inner flow portion to a fuel consumer;

a laser diode light source disposed within said housing for emitting a light beam within said inner flow portion;

a first photodiode disposed within said housing positioned opposite and substantially normal to said diode light source such that substantially full strength of an unimpeded ed generated light beam is detected by said first photodiode;

a second photodiode disposed within said housing adjacent said first photodiode and offset from a normal unimpeded path between said laser diode and said first photodiode such that a baseline level of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said second photodiode;

circuitry coupled to said first and second photodiode to monitor the ratio of light intensities measured by said first and second photodiodes to indicate the presence of particulate within an introduced fuel flow;

a control structure inputted into said circuitry to initiate a system control based on the ratio of light intensities; and

at least one remote unit for transmitting signals generated from said first and second photodiodes;

a central station; and

a communications link.

10. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9, wherein said signals represent light intensities measured by said first and second photodetectors.

11. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9, wherein said remote system comprises a central interface coupled to said at least one remote unit, wherein said central interface is adapted to control communications between said central station and said at least one remote unit.

12. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9, wherein said communications link comprises a radio frequency (RF) front end.

13. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9 wherein said communication link comprises a satellite.

14. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9, wherein said communication link comprises a link.

15. A remote incline particulate detector in accordance with claim 9 wherein said remote system further comprises an antenna.

16. A remote in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 9 wherein said remote system further comprises at least one user interface device.

17. An in-line particulate detector comprising:

a housing having an inner flow portion in flow communication with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, which housing is installed in-line between adjacent portions of a pipeline in a system and is removably disposable between the adjacent portions of the pipeline to permit a fuel flow from a fuel source through said inner flow portion to a fuel consumer;

a means for emitting a light beam within said inner flow portion;

a first means for detecting substantially full strength of an unimpeded light beam generated by said means for emitting;

a second means offset from a normal unimpeded path between said light emitting means and said first means for detecting a baseline level of unimpeded light beam generated by said means for emitting;

a means for comparing the light intensities detected by said first and second means for detecting, to determine the presence of particulate within an introduced flow; and

a control means for receiving from said comparing means a signal to initiate a system control based on the ratio of light intensities.

18. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 17, wherein said flow is natural gas.

19. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 17, wherein said now is selected from the group consisting of propane, hexane, heptane, gas derived from coal, and methane.

20. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 17, wherein a fuel containing particulates will cause a generated light beam to be scattered, find the light intensity measured by said second means for detecting will increase above the baseline level and the light intensity reaching said first means for detecting will decrease.

21. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 17, wherein a control structure is inputted into said circuitry.

22. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 21, wherein said control structure is inputted into said circuitry by programming into memory of an application specific integrated circuit.

23. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 21, wherein said control structure is inputted into said circuitry by being embedded in the form of algorithms in one or more computers.

24. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 23, wherein said computer is selected from the group consisting of a workstation, a minicomputer, a microcomputer, and a supercomputer.

25. An in-line particulate detector in accordance with claim 21, wherein said control structure is programmed in a language selected from the group of C, C++, Basic, MATLAB, and FORTRAN.

26. An in-line particulate detector comprising:

a housing having an inner flow portion in flow communication with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

which housing is installed in-line between adjacent portions of a pipeline in a system and is removably disposable between the adjacent portions of the pipeline to permit a fuel flow from a fuel source through said inner flow portion to a fuel consumer;

a laser diode light source disposed within said housing for emitting a light beam within said inner flow portion;

a first photodiode disposed within said housing positioned opposite and substantially normal to said laser diode light source such that substantially full strength of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said first photodiode;

a second photodiode disposed within said housing adjacent said first photodiode and offset from a normal unimpeded path between said laser diode and said first photodiode such that a baseline level of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said second photodiode;

circuitry coupled to said first and second photodiode to monitor the ratio of light intensities measured by said first and second photodiodes to indicate the presence of particulate within an introduced flow; and

a control structure inputted into said circuitry to initiate a system control based on the ratio of light intensities.

27. An in-line particulate detector for insertion within a pipeline, said detector comprising:

a laser diode light source to be disposed within said pipeline for emitting a light beam within an inner flow portion of said pipeline, the inner flow portion in flow communication with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

a first photodiode to be disposed within said pipeline positioned opposite and substantially normal to said laser diode light source such that substantially full strength of an unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said first photodiode;

a second photodiode to be disposed within said pipeline adjacent said first photodiode and offset from a normal unimpeded path between said laser diode and said first photodiode such that a baseline level of unimpeded generated light beam is detected by said second photodiode;

circuitry coupled to said first and second photodiode to monitor the ratio of light intensities measured by said first and second photodiodes to indicate the presence of particulate within an introduced flow; and

a control structure inputted into said circuitry to initiate a system control based on the ratio of light intensities.