Coupler for wireless communications
DCFirst Claim
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1. A communications apparatus for transmitting electric or electromagnetic signals over air, the air having a characteristic impedance, the communications apparatus comprising:
- a transmitter having an output impedance, said transmitter for transmitting the electric or electromagnetic signals at a preselected frequency; and
a coupler connected to the transmitter, said coupler comprising a transformer having a non-magnetic core, said transformer communicating the electric or electromagnetic signals to the air, said coupler matching the output impedance of the transmitter to the characteristic impedance of the air.
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Abstract
An apparatus for communication of electric or electromagnetic signals over air includes a transmitter or receiver and a coupler. The coupler has a capacitive circuit connected with an air-core or dielectric-core transformer. The capacitive circuit resonates with the transformer at a preselected frequency. The coupler eliminates noise and is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected frequency, which linearizes communication and allows high-speed data and voice communication over long distances.
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Citations
50 Claims
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1. A communications apparatus for transmitting electric or electromagnetic signals over air, the air having a characteristic impedance, the communications apparatus comprising:
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a transmitter having an output impedance, said transmitter for transmitting the electric or electromagnetic signals at a preselected frequency; and
a coupler connected to the transmitter, said coupler comprising a transformer having a non-magnetic core, said transformer communicating the electric or electromagnetic signals to the air, said coupler matching the output impedance of the transmitter to the characteristic impedance of the air. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
a primary coil having a first diameter;
a secondary coil having a second smaller diameter, said second coil extending coaxially within the primary coil such that an air gap is created between the primary coil and the secondary coil;
wherein the primary coil is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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4. The communications apparatus of claim 3 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the primary coil, wherein the primary coil and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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5. The communications apparatus of claim 4 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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6. The communications apparatus of claim 3 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the primary coil, wherein the primary coil and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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7. The communications apparatus of claim 6 further comprising an antenna attached to the primary coil.
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8. The communications apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transformer is a dielectric-core transformer.
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9. The communications apparatus of claim 8 wherein the core of the transformer is filled with a resin material.
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10. The communications apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transformer is a solid-state transformer.
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11. The communications apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transformer comprises:
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a first conductive plate;
a second conductive plate placed underneath and spaced apart from the first conductive plate;
wherein the first conductive plate is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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12. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the first conductive plate, wherein the first conductive plate and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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13. The communications apparatus of claim 12 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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14. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the first conductive plate, wherein the first conductive plate and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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15. The communications apparatus of claim 14 further comprising an antenna attached to the first conductive plate.
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16. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are separated by chip material.
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17. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are circular in shape.
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18. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are formed directly in a chip by deposition of metallic layers onto the chip.
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19. The communications apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are formed from doped silicon.
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20. The communications apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transformer comprises:
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a first metal pipe having a first diameter;
a second metal pipe having a second smaller diameter, said second pipe extending coaxially within the first pipe such that an air gap is created between the first pipe and the second pipe;
wherein the first pipe is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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21. The communications apparatus of claim 20 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the first pipe, wherein the first pipe and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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22. The communications apparatus of claim 21 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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23. The communications apparatus of claim 20 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the first pipe, wherein the first pipe and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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24. The communications apparatus of claim 23 further comprising an antenna attached to the first pipe.
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25. The communications apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an antenna attached to the coupler.
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26. A communications apparatus for receiving electric or electromagnetic signals from air, the air having a characteristic impedance, the communications apparatus comprising:
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a receiver having an input impedance, said receiver for receiving the electric or electromagnetic signals at a preselected frequency; and
a coupler connected to the receiver, said coupler comprising a transformer having a non-magnetic core, said transformer receiving the electric or electromagnetic signals from the air, said coupler matching the input impedance of the receiver to the characteristic impedance of the air. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
a primary coil having a first diameter;
a secondary coil having a second smaller diameter, said second coil extending coaxially within the primary coil such that an air gap is created between the primary coil and the secondary coil;
wherein the primary coil is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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29. The communications apparatus of claim 28 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the primary coil, wherein the primary coil and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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30. The communications apparatus of claim 29 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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31. The communications apparatus of claim 28 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the primary coil, wherein the primary coil and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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32. The communications apparatus of claim 31 further comprising an antenna attached to the primary coil.
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33. The communications apparatus of claim 26 wherein the transformer is a dielectric-core transformer.
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34. The communications apparatus of claim 33 wherein the core of the transformer is filled with a resin material.
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35. The communications apparatus of claim 26 wherein the transformer is a solid-state transformer.
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36. The communications apparatus of claim 26 wherein the transformer comprises:
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a first conductive plate;
a second conductive plate placed underneath and spaced apart from the first conductive plate;
wherein the first conductive plate is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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37. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the first conductive plate, wherein the first conductive plate and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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38. The communications apparatus of claim 37 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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39. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the first conductive plate, wherein the first conductive plate and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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40. The communications apparatus of claim 39 further comprising an antenna attached to the first conductive plate.
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41. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are separated by chip material.
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42. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are circular in shape.
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43. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are formed directly in a chip by deposition of metallic layers onto the chip.
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44. The communications apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are formed from doped silicon.
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45. The communications apparatus of claim 26 wherein the transformer comprises:
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a first metal pipe having a first diameter;
a second metal pipe having a second smaller diameter, said second pipe extending coaxially within the first pipe such that an air gap is created between the first pipe and the second pipe;
wherein the first pipe is matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at a preselected bandwidth.
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46. The communications apparatus of claim 45 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the first pipe, wherein the first pipe and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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47. The communications apparatus of claim 46 further comprising an antenna attached to the capacitor.
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48. The communications apparatus of claim 45 wherein the transformer further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with the first pipe, wherein the first pipe and the capacitor are matched to the characteristic impedance of the air at the preselected bandwidth.
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49. The communications apparatus of claim 48 further comprising an antenna attached to the first pipe.
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50. The communications apparatus of claim 26 further comprising an antenna attached to the coupler.
Specification