Prodrugs of etoposide and etoposide analogs

• US 6,713,454 B1
• Filed: 12/31/1999
• Issued: 03/30/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Biocon Limited (Biocon Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Nobex Corporation (Biocon Incorporated)
• Inventors: Ekwuribe, Nnochiri, Dyakonov, Tatyana A., Price, Christopher H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wilson, James O.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Maier, Leigh C.
• Application Number:
  US09/474,915
• Time in Patent Office: 1,551 Days
• Field of Search: 536/18.1, 536/18.3, 549/298, 514/25, 514/468
• US Class Current: 514/25
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/60 the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/00 Antineoplastic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/02 specific for leukemia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/04 specific for metastasis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Abstract

The present invention provides amphiphilic prodrugs comprising a therapeutic compound conjugated to an PEG-oligomer/polymer and methods for using said prodrugs to enable oral drug delivery and/or delivery of drugs across the blood brain barrier into the central nervous system.

Claims

1. A prodrug comprising:

(a) at least one therapeutic compound; and

(b) one or more PEG polymers and/or oligomers, each joined to a bonding site on the therapeutic compound by a hydrolyzable bond, said PEG polymers and/or oligomers each;

(i) comprising a straight or branched PEG segment consisting of 2 to 25 polyethylene glycol units; and

(ii) comprising a salt-forming moiety.

2. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the straight or branched PEG segment consists of from 2 to 20 polyethylene glycol units.

3. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the straight or branched PEG segment consists of from 2 to 15 polyethylene glycol units.

4. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the straight or branched PEG segment consists of from 2 to 10 polyethylene glycol units.

5. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the polyethylene glycol oligomer has a number of polyethylene glycol units selected from the group consisting of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

6. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the salt-forming moiety is selected from the group consisting of:

ammonium, carboxylate, phosphate, sulfate and mesylate.

7. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

8. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

9. The prodrug of claim 1 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

10. The prodrug of claim 1 which, when delivered via the oral route of administration to treat a mammalian subject having a disease condition responsive to the therapeutic compound, provides a therapeutically effective dose of the therapeutic compound to the blood.

11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

(a) a prodrug of claim 1; and

(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11 in a form suitable for oral administration.

13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11 in a form selected from the group consisting of:

tablets, capsules, caplets, gelcaps, pills, liquid solutions, suspensions or elixirs, powders, lozenges, micronized particles and osmotic delivery systems.

14. A prodrug comprising a therapeutic compound joined by hydrolysable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) selected from the group consisting of:

wherein n is from 1 to 7, m is from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, m and r are each independently from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25 and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 25, m is from 2 to 8, R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and X is a negative ion;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, and R¹ and R² are each independently lower alkyl;

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8 and m is from 2 to 25;

wherein n is from 1 to 5, m is from 2 to 25, X⁻

is a negative ion, and wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; and

wherein n is from 1 to 6, m is from 2 to 25 and X⁻

is a negative ion.

15. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein one or more of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s) comprises a salt-forming moiety.

16. The prodrug of claim 15 wherein the salt-forming moiety is selected from the group consisting of:

ammonium, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, carboxylate, chloride, bromide, iodide, phosphate, sulfate and mesylate.

17. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

18. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

19. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

(a) a prodrug of claim 14; and

(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 in a form suitable for oral administration.

22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 in a form selected from the group consisting of:

tablets, capsules, caplets, gelcaps, pills, liquid solutions, suspensions or elixirs, powders, lozenges, micronized particles and osmotic delivery systems.

23. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 7, m is from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl.

24. The prodrug of claim 23 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

25. The prodrug of claim 23 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

26. The prodrug of claim 23 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

27. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl.

28. The prodrug of claim 27 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

29. The prodrug of claim 27 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

30. The prodrug of claim 27 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

31. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, m and r are each independently from 2 to 25, and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl.

32. The prodrug of claim 31 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

33. The prodrug of claim 31 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

34. The prodrug of claim 31 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

35. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25 and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl.

36. The prodrug of claim 35 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

37. The prodrug of claim 35 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

38. The prodrug of claim 35 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

39. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and X⁻

is a negative ion.

40. The prodrug of claim 39 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

41. The prodrug of claim 39 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

42. The prodrug of claim 39 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

43. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, and R¹ and R² are each independently a lower alkyl.

44. The prodrug of claim 43 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

45. The prodrug of claim 43 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

46. The prodrug of claim 43 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the polyethylene glycol oligomer(s).

47. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8 and m is from 2 to 25.

48. The prodrug of claim 47 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

49. The prodrug of claim 47 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

50. The prodrug of claim 47 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the PEG oligomer(s).

51. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 5, m is from 2 to 25, X⁻

is a negative ion, and wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.

52. The prodrug of claim 51 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

53. The prodrug of claim 51 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

54. The prodrug of claim 51 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the PEG oligomer(s).

55. The prodrug of claim 14 wherein the therapeutic compound is joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 6, m is from 2 to 25 and X⁻

is a negative ion.

56. The prodrug of claim 55 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

57. The prodrug of claim 55 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

58. The prodrug of claim 55 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the PEG oligomer(s).

59. A prodrug comprising a therapeutic compound joined by hydrolyzable bond(s) to one or more PEG oligomer(s) having the formula:

wherein n and p are each independently from 1 to 6, m is from 2 to 25 and X⁺ is a positive ion.

60. The prodrug of claim 59 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises etoposide.

61. The prodrug of claim 59 wherein the therapeutic compound comprises a etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide.

62. The prodrug of claim 59 wherein the therapeutic compound is derivatized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the PEG oligomer(s).

63. An epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form comprising:

(a) an epipodophyllotoxin;

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the epipodophyllotoxin by a hydrolyzable bond, said oligomer comprising;

(i) a straight or branched PEG segment consisting of 2 to 25 polyethylene glycol units; and

(ii) a salt forming moiety; and

(c) a positive or negative ion associated with the salt forming moiety to provide the epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form.

64. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the PEG segment is from 2 to 20 polyethylene glycol units.

65. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the PEG segment is from 2 to 15 polyethylene glycol units.

66. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the PEG segment is from 2 to 10 polyethylene glycol units.

67. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the PEG segment is from 2 to 4 polyethylene glycol units.

68. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the epipodophyllotoxin is etoposide.

69. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the epipodophyllotoxin is teniposide.

70. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the epipodophyllotoxin is etoposide phosphate.

71. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the salt is formed at said salt forming moiety by a positive ion.

72. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 71 wherein the positive ion is selected from the group consisting of sodium cation, potassium cation, lithium cation, and calcium cation.

73. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the salt is formed at said salt forming moiety by a negative ion.

74. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 73 wherein the negative ion is selected from the group consisting of chloro anion, bromo anion, iodo anion, phosphate anion, acetate anion, carbonate anion, sulfate anion, tosylate anion and mesylate anion.

75. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the salt-forming moiety is ammonium.

76. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the salt-forming moiety is carboxylate.

77. The epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63 wherein the oligomer is:

wherein n and p are each independently from 1 to 6, m is from 2 to 25 and X⁺ is a positive ion.

78. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

(a) a epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form of claim 63; and

(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

79. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78 in a form suitable for oral administration.

80. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 78 in a form selected from the group consisting of:

tablets, capsules, gelcaps, pills, liquid solutions, suspension, elixirs, powders, lozenges, micronized particles and osmotic delivery systems.

81. A epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form comprising:

(a) an epipodophyllotoxin;

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the epipodophyllotoxin by a hydrolyzable bond, wherein the oligomer is;

 

wherein n is from 1 to 6, p is from 2 to 8, m is from 2 to 25, R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and X⁻

is a negative ion.

82. An epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form comprising:

(a) an epipodophyllotoxin;

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the epipodophyllotoxin by a hydrolyzable bond, wherein the oligomer is;

 

wherein n is from 1 to 5, m is from 2 to 25, X⁻

is a negative ion, and wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.

83. An epipodophyllotoxin prodrug in salt form comprising:

(a) an epipodophyllotoxin;

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the epipodophyllotoxin by a hydrolyzable bond, wherein the oligomer is;

 

wherein n is from 1 to 6, m is from 2 to 25 and X⁻

is a negative ion.

84. An etoposide prodrug comprising:

(a) an etoposide;

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the etoposide by a hydrolyzable bond, said oligomer comprising a straight or branched PEG segment consisting of 2 to 25 polyethylene glycol units.

85. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the PEG segment consists of from 2 to 20 polyethylene glycol units.

86. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the PEG segment consists of from 2 to 15 polyethylene glycol units.

87. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the PEG segment consists of from 2 to 10 polyethylene glycol units.

88. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the PEG segment has a number of polyethylene glycol subunits selected from the group consisting of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

89. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the PEG segment has a number of polyethylene glycol subunits selected from the group consisting of 2, 3, and 4.

90. The prodrug of claim 84 wherein the oligomer further comprises a salt-forming moiety.

91. The prodrug of claim 90 wherein the salt-forming moiety is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, carboxylate, phosphate, sulfate, and mesylate.

92. The prodrug of claim 84 which, when delivered via the oral route of administration to treat a mammalian subject having an etoposide responsive disease condition, provides a therapeutically effective dose of the etoposide to the blood.

93. The prodrug of claim 84 which, when delivered via the oral route of administration to treat a mammalian subject having an etoposide responsive disease condition, provides a therapeutically effective dose of the etoposide across the blood-brain barrier.

94. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

(a) a prodrug of claim 84; and

(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

95. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 94 in a form suitable for oral administration.

96. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 94 in a form selected from the group consisting of:

tablets, capsules, caplets, gelcaps, pills, liquid solutions, suspensions or elixirs, powders, lozenges, micronized particles, and osmotic delivery systems.

97. An etoposide prodrug comprising:

(a) an etoposide; and

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the etoposide by a hydrolyzable bond, said oligomer comprising a straight or branched PEG segment consisting of 1 to 25 polyethylene glycol units.

98. The prodrug of claim 97 wherein the PEG segment consists of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 polyethylene glycol units.

99. The prodrug of claim 97 wherein the PEG segment consists of 2, 3, or 4 polyethylene glycol units.

100. An etoposide prodrug comprising:

(a) an etoposide therapeutic compound selected from the group consisting of etoposide and an etoposide analog which retains some or all of the therapeutic activity of etoposide; and

(b) an oligomer joined to a bonding site on the etoposide therapeutic compound by a hydrolyzable bond, said oligomer comprising a straight or branched PEG segment consisting of 1 to 25 polyethylene glycol units.

101. The prodrug of claim 100 wherein the PEG segment consists of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 polyethylene glycol units.

102. The prodrug of claim 100 wherein the PEG segment consists of 2, 3, or 4 polyethylene glycol units.

103. An etoposide prodrug comprising an etoposide coupled at each of the three hydroxy bonding sites of the etoposide to an oligomer having the following structure:

104. An etoposide prodrug comprising an etoposide coupled at each of the three hydroxy bonding sites of the etoposide to an oligomer having the following structure:

105. An etoposide prodrug comprising an etoposide coupled at each of the three hydroxy bonding sites of the etoposide to an oligomer having the following structure: