Low-noise distributed Raman amplifier using bi-directional pumping using multiple Raman orders

• US 6,714,342 B2
• Filed: 01/02/2003
• Issued: 03/30/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Neptune Subsea IP Ltd. (Xtera Topco Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Xtera Communications Incorporated (Xtera Topco Ltd.)
• Inventors: Islam, Mohammed N., Freeman, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Moskowitz, Nelson
• Application Number:
  US10/335,808
• Publication Number:
  US 20030133179A1
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 359/334, 359/341.3, 359/341.31, 359/341.32, 359/341
• US Class Current: 359/334
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06758 Tandem amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094011 with bidirectional pumping, i.e. with injection of the pump light from both two ends of the fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094015 with pump light recycling, i.e. with reinjection of the unused pump light back into the fiber, e.g. by reflectors or circulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094096 Multi-wavelength pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/302 in an optical fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2916 using Raman or Brillouin amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2210/258 treating each wavelength or wavelength band separately

Abstract

A Raman amplifier assembly includes a Raman amplifier configured to receive a signal from a signal source. The signal travels in an upstream direction in the Raman amplifier. A first pump source is coupled to the Raman amplifier. The first pump source produces a first pump beam that travels in a downstream direction and is counter-propagating relative to the signal. A second pump source is coupled to the Raman amplifier and produces a second pump beam that travels in the upstream direction. The second pump source has an average relative intensity noise of less than −80 dB/Hz.

Claims

1. A Raman amplifier assembly, comprising:

a first pump source operable to produce a first pump beam comprising multiple wavelengths, the first pump beam entering a first port of an optical transmission line and traveling in a downstream direction from the first port to a second port of the optical transmission line; and

a second pump source operable to produce a second pump beam, the second pump beam and a signal comprising multiple wavelengths entering the second port and traveling in an upstream direction from the second port toward the first port, the second pump source having an average relative noise intensity of less than −

80 dB/Hz. wherein at least a portion of the second pump beam pumps the first pump beam, and wherein at least some of the shorter wavelengths of the first pump beam comprise a higher energy than at least some of the longer wavelengths of the first pump beam.

2. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:

a first WDM coupled to the first port; and

a second WDM coupled to the second port.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:

at least a first polarization beam combiner coupled to the first WDM and a second polarization beam combiner coupled to the second WDM.

4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1430 to 1530 nm and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1350 to 1480 nm.

5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1450 to 1510 rim and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1380 to 1440 rim.

6. A The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first pump beam provides gain to at least a portion of the signal of multiple wavelengths and extracts optical energy from the second pump beam.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a length of the optical transmission line is at least 40 kilometers.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a length of the optical transmission line is at least 80 kilometers.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second pump sources are laser diode sources.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the optical transmission line comprises a Raman gain fiber, wherein at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprises a non-linear gain coefficient (γ

) of greater than 3 W<sup>−

1</sup> km<sup>−

1.</sup>

11. A Raman amplifier assembly, comprising:

a Raman amplifier comprising a Raman gain fiber, at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprising a non-linear gain coefficient (γ

) of greater than 3 W<sup>−

1</sup> km<sup>−

1;</sup>

a first pump source coupled to the Raman amplifier and operable to produce a first pump beam, the first pump beam traversing the Raman amplifier substantially complementary to a signal received by the Raman amplifier; and

a second pump source coupled to the Raman amplifier and operable to produce a second pump beam, the second pump beam traversing the Raman amplifier substantially complementary to the first pump beam, the second pump source having an average relative intensity noise of less than −

80 dB/Hz, wherein at least one wavelength of the second pump beam comprises a shorter wavelength than at least one wavelength of the first pump beam.

12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the second pump beam pumps the first pump beam.

13. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the average relative intensity noise from 1-10 GHz is less than −

80 dB/Hz.

14. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the average relative intensity noise from 100 MHz to 1 GHz is less than −

90 dB/Hz.

15. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the average relative intensity noise from 0-100 MHz is less than −

100 dB/Hz.

16. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the wavelengths of the second pump beam are at least 20 nm shorter than the wavelengths of the first pump beam.

17. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the wavelengths of the second pump beam are at least 40 nm shorter than the wavelengths of the first pump beam.

18. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the wavelengths of the second pump beam are no more than 120 nm shorter than the wavelengths of the first pump beam.

19. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the wavelengths of the second pump beam are no more than 100 nm shorter than the wavelengths of the first pump beam.

20. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the second pump beam provides more gain to the first pump beam than to the signal.

21. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the first and second pump sources are laser diode sources.

22. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the Raman amplifier is a distributed Raman amplifier that comprises a signal transmission line, wherein at least a portion of the signal transmission line incorporates therein a distributed gain medium.

23. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the Raman amplifier is a discrete Raman amplifier that comprises a distributed gain medium that is coupled to a signal transmission line.

24. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprises a non-linear gain coefficient coefficient (γ

) of greater than 3 W<sup>−

1</sup> km<sup>−

1</sup>.

25. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprises a dispersion compensating fiber.

26. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprises a high-non-linearity gain fiber.

27. A method of broadband amplification, comprising:

introducing to a Raman amplifier assembly at least a first pump beam and a second pump beam, at least a portion of the second pump beam pumping the first pump beam, wherein at least one of the first pump beam and the second pump beam is generated by a pump source comprising an average relative noise intensity of less than −

80 dB/Hz;

introducing a first signal of multiple wavelengths into a first port of an optical transmission line and a second signal of multiple wavelengths into a second port of the optical transmission line, at least one of the multiple wavelength signals of the first signal comprises a shorter wavelength than the wavelengths of the second signal; and

amplifying at least some of the first and second signals of multiple wavelengths.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least a portion of the first signal of multiple wavelengths has shorter wavelengths than the second signal of multiple wavelengths.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the first pump beam and the first signal of multiple wavelengths enter the first port and travel in a downstream direction from the first port to the second port.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the second pump beam and the second signal of multiple wavelengths enter the second port and travel in an upstream direction from the second port to the first port.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1430 to 1530 nm and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1350 to 1480 nm.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1450 to 1510 nm and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1380 to 1440 nm.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the first signal of multiple wavelengths is in the range of 1430 to 1530 nm and the second signal of multiple wavelengths is in the range of 1525 to 1630 nm.

34. The method of claim 29, wherein the first signal of multiple wavelengths is in the range of 1480 to 1530 nm and the second signal of multiple wavelengths is in the range of 1525 to 1610 nm.

49. The method of claim 27, wherein the first pump beam comprises multiple wavelengths and wherein at least some of the shorter wavelengths of the first pump beam comprise a higher energy than at least some of the longer wavelengths of the first pump beam.

35. A method of broadband amplification, comprising:

introducing to a Raman amplifier assembly at a first port of an optical transmission line with at least a first pump beam and introducing to a second port of the Raman amplifier assembly a second pump beam, wherein at least one wavelength of the second pump beam comprises a shorter wavelength than at least one wavelength of the first pump beam, wherein the Raman amplifier assembly comprises a Raman gain fiber, and wherein at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprises a non-linear gain coefficient (γ

) of greater than 3 W<sup>−

1</sup> km<sup>−

1</sup>;

introducing a signal of at least one wavelength into the second port; and

amplifying at least a portion of the signal.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein at least a portion of the second pump beam pumps the first pump beam.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1430 to 1530 nm and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1350 to 1480 nm.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein the first pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1450 to 1510 nm and the second pump beam is in the wavelength range of 1380 to 1440 nm.

48. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the first pump beam and the second pump beam is generated by a pump source comprising an average relative noise intensity of less than −

80 dB/Hz.

39. A Raman amplifier assembly, comprising:

a Raman amplifier comprising a Raman gain fiber, at least a portion of the Raman gain fiber comprising a non-linear gain coefficient (γ

) of greater than 3 W<sup>−

1</sup> km<sup>−

1</sup>;

a first pump source coupled to the Raman amplifier and operable to produce a first pump beam, the first pump beam traversing the Raman amplifier substantially complementary to a signal received by the Raman amplifier; and

a second pump source coupled to the Raman amplifier and operable to produce a second pump beam, the second pump beam traversing the Raman amplifier substantially complementary to the first pump beam, wherein the second pump beam pumps the first pump beam, and wherein the second pump beam provides at least five percent (5%) of the gain to at least a portion of the signal received by the Raman amplifier.

40. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the first pump source is substantially depolarized.

41. The assembly of claim 39, wherein polarization dependence of a signal gain of the signal is less than 2 dB.

42. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the first pump source is depolarized by polarization scrambling.

43. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the first pump source is depolarized by polarization multiplexing of at least two pump sources.

44. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the second pump source is substantially depolarized.

45. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the second pump beam provides at least 5% of the gain to a majority of wavelengths of the signal.

46. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the second pump beam provides at least 10% of the gain to a majority of wavelengths of the signal.

47. The assembly of claim 39, wherein the second pump beam provides at least 50% of the gain to at least a portion of the signal.