Near-infrared disguise detection

• US 6,718,049 B2
• Filed: 12/03/2002
• Issued: 04/06/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Pavlidis, Ioannis, Symosek, Peter F., Fritz, Bernard S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Jayanti K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tabatabai, Abolfazl
• Application Number:
  US10/308,465
• Publication Number:
  US 20030169901A1
• Time in Patent Office: 490 Days
• Field of Search: 382/103, 382/107, 382/115, 382/118, 382/218, 382/209, 382/210, 382/211, 382/212, 340/5.53, 340/5.83, 340/426.26, 340/545.3, 348/169, 348/584, 250/339, 250/339.1, 356/51, 356/388, 356/448, 359/350, 359/356
• US Class Current: 382/115
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/143 Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/10 Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/161 Detection; Localisation; Normalisation

Abstract

Detection of a person disguised with one or more artificial materials includes detecting reflection from at least one portion of a head of a human body in at least a portion of an upper band of the near infrared spectrum. The presence of an artificial material associated with the head of the human body is determined based on the detected reflection.

Claims

1. A detection system for use in detecting a human in a scene, the detection system comprising:

a first camera sensitive to a first band of wavelengths within a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene;

a second camera sensitive to a second band of wavelengths within the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene;

an optical device positioned to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera and to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera, wherein the one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with the one or more frames of the second image output; and

a processing apparatus operable to detect a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical device comprises a combination beamsplitter and filter.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optical device is an optical component having a coating thereon that directs light with wavelengths below about 1.4 microns to the first camera and light with wavelengths above about 1.4 microns to the second camera.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing apparatus is operable to fuse spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output to provide a fused image output having an increased contrast between a human and a background in the scene.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to segment the human from the scene by comparing the spectral power of each pixel of the fused image output to one or more threshold values.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein a difference in reflectance for human skin in the first band of wavelengths relative to the second band of wavelengths is greater than a difference in reflectance for objects other than human skin in the first band of wavelengths relative to the second band of wavelengths.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to perform a weighted difference calculation of spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output resulting in a weighted difference output for the pixels.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to compare the weighted difference output for the pixels to one or more threshold values to differentiate pixels representative of human skin from pixels representative of objects other than human skin.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second cameras have the same fields-of-view.

10. A detection system comprising:

first camera means for sensing radiation of a scene within a first band of wavelengths in a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene;

second camera means for sensing radiation of the scene within a second band of wavelengths in the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene;

optical device means positioned for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera means and for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera means such that one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with one or more frames of the second image output; and

processing means for detecting a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing means comprises:

fusing means connected to said first and second camera means for fusing spectral powers P(i,j)₁ of pixels (i,j)₁ from said first camera means with spectral powers P(i,j)₂ of corresponding pixels (i,j)₂ from said second camera means, resulting in fused spectral powers P(i,j)_f; and

thresholding means, connected to said fusing means, for thresholding fused spectral powers P(i,j)_f from said fusing means, resulting in threshold spectral powers P(i,j)_t; and

wherein;

the scene is focused by said first camera means on a first sensing array having m×

n pixels;

the scene is focused by said second camera means on a second sensing array having m×

n pixels;

each pixel is located at ith row and jth column;

0≦

i≦

m; and

0<

j≦

n.

12. The system of claim 11, further comprising indicating means for displaying a segmented image of the scene.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein:

14. The system of claim 13, wherein:

15. The system of claim 10, wherein a wavelength between the first and second bands of wavelengths is about 1.4 microns.

16. The system of claim 10, wherein:

the first band of wavelengths is between about 0.8 and 1.4 microns; and

the second band of wavelengths is between about 1.4 microns and 2.2 microns.

17. A method for detecting humans, comprising:

focusing a scene on a first m x n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a first bandwidth within a reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene and on a second m×

n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a second bandwidth within the reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene;

co-registering one or more frames of the first image output with one or more frames of the second image output, wherein co-registering the frames comprises using an optical device to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first bandwidth to the first m×

n pixel array at each of a plurality of points in time and directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second bandwidth to the second m×

n pixel array at each of the plurality of points in time; and

using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises fusing spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output to provide a fused image output having an increased contrast between a human and a background in the scene.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene further comprises segmenting the human from the scene by comparing the spectral power of each pixel of the fused image output to one or more threshold values.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises displaying a segmented image.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein a wavelength between the first and second bandwidths is about 1.4 microns.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the first bandwidth is between about 0.8 and 1.4 microns and the second bandwidth is between about 1.4 microns and 2.2 microns.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein a difference in reflectance for human skin in the first bandwidth relative to the second bandwidth is greater than a difference in reflectance for objects other than human skin in the first bandwidth relative to the second bandwidth.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises performing a weighted difference calculation of spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output resulting in a weighted difference output for the pixels.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene further comprises comparing the weighted difference output for the pixels to one or more threshold values to differentiate pixels representative of human skin from pixels representative of objects other than human skin.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises:

fusing a spectral power P(i,j)₁ of each pixel of the first m×

n pixel array with a spectral power P(i,j)₂ of each corresponding pixel of the second m×

n pixel array, to result in a spectral power P(i,j)_f of a fused pixel, respectively;

thresholding the spectral power P(i,j)_f of each fused pixel into a first value if the spectral power is greater than a threshold value; and

thresholding the spectral power P(i,j)_f of each fused pixel into a second value if the spectral power is less than the threshold value;

wherein;

0<

i≦

m; and

0<

j≦

n.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein:

28. The method of claim 27, wherein: