Metallic blocking layers integrally associated with fuel cell electrode structures and fuel cell electrode stack assemblies

• US 6,720,105 B2
• Filed: 04/19/2001
• Issued: 04/13/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Neah Power Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Neah Power Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Ohlsen, Leroy J., Chan, Chung M., Cooke, Aaron M., Mallari, Jonathan C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gulakowski, Randy
• Assistant Examiner(s): Crepeau, Jonathan
• Application Number:
  US09/839,787
• Publication Number:
  US 20020048703A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,090 Days
• Field of Search: 429/40, 429/41, 429/44
• US Class Current: 429/524
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8605 Porous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8657 layered
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/925 supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Metallic blocking layers integrally associated with fuel cell electrode structures and fuel cell electrode stack assemblies, as well as to methods relating thereto, are disclosed herein. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a metallic blocking layer integrally associated with an electrode structure of a fuel cell system such as, for example, a direct methanol fuel cell system. In this embodiment, the invention may be characterized in that the electrode structure comprises an inorganic (i.e., noncarbonaceous) support substrate having one or more discrete porous regions, wherein the one or more discrete porous regions is defined by an array of acicular pores disposed across the top surface area of the electrode structure such that at least a portion of the blocking layer covers the top surface area and protrudes into the array of acicular pores. The blocking layer is preferably a substantially voidless metallic membrane that is substantially impermeable to at least methanol and is substantially permeable to hydrogen atoms.

Claims

1. A blocking layer integrally associated with a top surface area of an electrode structure of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the electrode structure comprises an inorganic support substrate having one or more discrete porous regions, wherein the one or more discrete porous regions is defined by an array of acicular pores disposed across the top surface area of the electrode structure, and wherein at least a portion of the blocking layer covers the top surface area and protrudes into the array of acicular pores, and wherein the blocking layer is a substantially voidless metallic membrane that is substantially impermeable to at least methanol and is substantially permeable to hydrogen atoms, and wherein the support substrate is a cathode structure.

2. A blocking layer integrally associated with a top surface area of an electrode structure of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the electrode structure comprises an inorganic support substrate having one or more discrete porous regions, wherein the one or more discrete porous regions is defined by an array of acicular pores disposed across the top surface area of the electrode structure, and wherein at least a portion of the blocking layer covers the top surface area and protrudes into the array of acicular pores, and wherein the blocking layer is a substantially voidless metallic membrane that is substantially impermeable to at least methanol and is substantially permeable to hydrogen atoms. and wherein the support substrate comprises a sol-gel.

3. The electrode structure of claim 2 wherein the sol-gel is platinum ruthenium dioxide.

4. An electrode assembly adapted for use with a fuel cell system the electrode assembly comprising an anode and an opposing cathode:

(1) the anode having one or more discrete anode porous regions, wherein the one or more discrete anode porous regions is defined by an array of anodic acicular pores, and wherein a top surface of the anode has thereon a metallic blocking layer defined by a metallic membrane that is substantially impermeable to at least methanol and is substantially permeable to hydrogen atoms; and

(2) the cathode having one or more discrete cathode porous regions, wherein the one or more discrete cathode porous regions is defined by an array of cathodic acicular pores, and wherein the anode and the cathode are spaced apart and substantially parallel to each other so as to defined a spaced apart region, and wherein the spaced apart region is adjacent to the metallic blocking layer, and wherein the anode and the cathode comprise a sol-gel.

5. The electrode structure of claim 4 wherein the sol-gel is platinum ruthenium dioxide.