Method and apparatus for non-invasive analysis of blood glucose
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for substantially noise-free transmission of an Rf signal comprising:
- (a) a plurality of spaced-apart permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field;
(b) at least one transmission node, and at least one reflection node spaced apart from the transmission node with a gap therebetween, that are disposed within the magnetic field, the transmission and reflection nodes comprised of an electrically-conductive material;
(c) a source that generates an Rf signal having a selected frequency spectrum that is connected to the transmission node and reflection node, such that a detectable Rf signal is received by the reflection nodes;
(d) an analyzer connected to the transmission node and the reflection node that analyzes the Rf signal received by the reflection node; and
, (e) a space between the transmission node and reflection node for receiving a sample comprising an analyte, such that an Rf signal having a magnitude at a characteristic frequency is detectable by the analyzer when the sample is placed in the space or receptacle, the magnitude at the characteristic frequency is reduced as a function of analyte concentration.
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Abstract
An apparatus for non-invasive detection and quantitation of analytes in a sample, such as blood glucose, employs a novel amplifier that uses high-gauss permanent magnets to permit an Rf signal to be transmitted through the sample. The concentration of the analyte can be determined from the magnitude of the reduction in the amplitude of the Rf signal at a characteristic frequency.
64 Citations
57 Claims
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1. An apparatus for substantially noise-free transmission of an Rf signal comprising:
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(a) a plurality of spaced-apart permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field;
(b) at least one transmission node, and at least one reflection node spaced apart from the transmission node with a gap therebetween, that are disposed within the magnetic field, the transmission and reflection nodes comprised of an electrically-conductive material;
(c) a source that generates an Rf signal having a selected frequency spectrum that is connected to the transmission node and reflection node, such that a detectable Rf signal is received by the reflection nodes;
(d) an analyzer connected to the transmission node and the reflection node that analyzes the Rf signal received by the reflection node; and
,(e) a space between the transmission node and reflection node for receiving a sample comprising an analyte, such that an Rf signal having a magnitude at a characteristic frequency is detectable by the analyzer when the sample is placed in the space or receptacle, the magnitude at the characteristic frequency is reduced as a function of analyte concentration. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising:
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(a) providing an apparatus comprising (i) a plurality of spaced-apart permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field;
(ii) at least one transmission node, and at least one reflection node spaced apart from the transmission node with a gap therebetween, that are disposed within the magnetic field, the transmission and reflection nodes comprised of an electrically-conductive material;
(iii) a source that generates an Rf signal having a selected frequency spectrum that is connected to the transmission node and reflection node; and
(iv) an analyzer connected to the transmission node and reflection node;
(b) disposing a sample comprising an analyte between the transmission node and reflection node; and
(c) using the analyzer to detect a reduction in the amplitude of the Rf signal at a frequency that is characteristic of the presence of the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (14)
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15. An apparatus for substantially noise-free transmission of an Rf signal comprising:
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(a) a plurality of spaced-apart permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field;
(b) at least one transmission node, and at least one reflection node spaced apart from the transmission node with a gap therebetween, that are disposed within the magnetic field, the transmission and reflection nodes comprised of an electrically-conductive material, wherein the transmission node and reflection node are each in close proximity to one of the magnets;
(c) a magnetically permeable and electrically insulating barrier disposed between each node and said magnet in close proximity thereto to prevent contact therebetween; and
,(d) a source that generates an Rf signal having a selected frequency spectrum that is connected to the transmission node and reflection node, such that a detectable Rf signal is received by the reflection node. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A detector, which comprises:
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a base;
a body part receiver supported by the base;
a pair of nodes positioned at spaced apart locations in the body part receiver to contact a body part positioned in the body part receiver; and
,a pair of permanent magnets supported by the base, one of said magnets being positioned adjacent one of said nodes, the other of said magnets being positioned adjacent the other of said nodes. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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47. A method of detecting a characteristic, which comprises:
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positioning a body part in a magnetic field;
directing an RF signal having a selected frequency spectrum into said body part positioned in said magnetic field;
analyzing an RF signal received from said body part positioned in said magnetic field to detect a characteristic in said body part. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
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Specification