System and method for generating color digital watermarks using conjugate halftone screens

• US 6,731,409 B2
• Filed: 01/31/2001
• Issued: 05/04/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Wang, Shen-ge
• Primary Examiner(s): Johnson, Timothy M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): AZARIAN, SEYED H
• Application Number:
  US09/773,004
• Publication Number:
  US 20020102007A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,189 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/233, 382/234, 382/235, 382/236, 382/237, 382/238, 382/239, 382/242, 382/244, 382/248, 382/251, 358/3.08, 358/3.07, 358/3.01, 358/1.8, 358/3.06, 358/3.28, 358/3.11, 380/51, 235/494, 235/469
• US Class Current: 358/3.28
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32256 in halftone data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data

Abstract

The present invention is directed to an improved method for producing color watermarks in digitally reproducible color documents. The color watermarks are generated by producing a halftone pattern, which appears as stochastically distributed dots, in at least one or more color separations of the color document. A second halftone pattern, which also appears as stochastically distributed dots and is spatially displaced from the first halftone pattern, is generated in at least one or more different color separations. Portions of the first and second halftone patterns are auto-correlated or conjugally correlated, therefore, when the two halftone patterns are laid over each other, watermark patterns of highly contrasting colors become markedly visible.

Claims

1. A process for generating an authenticatable color document, the color document comprising a plurality of color separations, wherein an authentication image is inserted into the color document and is not readily visually perceptible in the color document, the process including:

halftoning image data corresponding to at least a first color separation using a first stochastic halftone screen, wherein;

the first stochastic halftone screen has a plurality of cells, each cell having at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each cell is spatially offset from a neighboring cell by at least a first distance, wherein,

the at least one first region of at least a first cell of the first stochastic halftone screen is substantially identical to the at least one first region of at least a second cell of the first stochastic halftone screen, and

the at least one second region of at least the first cell of the first stochastic halftone screen is substantially conjugate to the at least one second region of at least a second cell of the first stochastic halftone screen;

halftoning image data corresponding to at least a second color separation using a second stochastic halftone screen, wherein;

the second halftone screen has a plurality of cells, each cell having at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each cell is spatially offset from a neighboring cell by at least the first distance, wherein,

the at least one first region of at least a first cell of the second stochastic halftone screen is substantially conjugate to the at least one first region of at least a second cell of the second stochastic halftone screen, and

the at least one second region of at least the first cell of the second stochastic halftone screen is substantially identical to the at least one second region of at least the second cell of the second halftone screen; and

combining the halftoned image data of at least the first and second color separation images to form a multicolor image;

wherein, when at least a first copy of the multicolor image is spatially offset from at least a second copy of the multicolor image by at least the first distance, at least a first cell of each of the at least first and second copy of the multicolor images align with at least a second cell of the at least first and second copy of the multicolor images, and the contrast of the identical and conjugate regions become visible to form the authentication image.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images are digital images and wherein placing the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images in a superimposed relationship comprises digitally processing the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images.

3. The process of claim 2, wherein digitally processing the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images includes shifting at least a portion of the at least first copy of the multicolor image relative to the at least second copy of the multicolor image.

4. The process of claim 3 wherein digitally processing the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images further includes logically combining at least the shifted portion of the copies of the multicolor images to detect the degree of correlation in the shifted portion.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein:

both the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images are rendered on substrates and at least one of the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images is rendered on a substantially transparent substrate; and

placing the at least first and second copies of the multicolor images in a superimposed relationship comprises placing the transparent substrate over the other substrate in an aligned relationship.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein generating an authenticatable further comprises:

applying a respective screen to an input image to produce a halftoned output image;

rendering the halftoned output image in a human viewable form; and

scanning the rendered image to produce a respective user image as a digitized representation of the rendered image.

7. The process as described in claim 1, wherein the first and second copies of the multicolor images are digital images and wherein the step of placing the first and second copies of the multicolor images in a superimposed relationship is accomplished by a logical combination of the first and second copies of the multicolor images.

8. A method for authenticating a color document, the color document comprising a plurality of color separations, including a color digital watermark, including:

concurrently designing a first stochastic screen in at least one or more of the color separations and a second stochastic screen in at least a one or more of the color separations simultaneously in accordance with an optimization metric, said designing step further including the constraint that a corresponding authentication region of both screens be comprised of values which are substantially conjugate of one another;

rendering an image using at least one of the first stochastic screens and at least one of the second stochastic screens to produce a first image, wherein the image is rendered by alternating between the at least two stochastic screens so as to produce a self-referencing watermark;

reproducing at least a portion of the image to produce a second image;

logically combining at least a shifted portion of the first and second images to detect a degree of correlation in the shifted portion; and

detecting the authentication region by superposing a representation of the first image and a representation of the second image in an offset relationship so as to optimize the contrast of the colors of the authentication region resulting from the conjugate relationship between the first stochastic screen and the second stochastic screen.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of detecting the authentication region further comprises scanning the rendered image to produce a digitized representation of the first image and storing the digitized representation of the first image;

and

where the step of reproducing at least a portion of the image to produce a second image comprises copying a portion of the stored digitized representation of the first image and storing the copied portion as the representation of the second image.