Hybrid power system for an electric vehicle

• US 6,744,237 B2
• Filed: 03/28/2002
• Issued: 06/01/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 03/28/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Song, Jing, Kopf, Bruce M., Ding, Yi
• Primary Examiner(s): TIBBITS, PIA FLORENCE
• Application Number:
  US10/063,195
• Publication Number:
  US 20030184256A1
• Time in Patent Office: 796 Days
• Field of Search: 320/101, 320/104, 320/132, 429/22, 429/23, 701/22, 180/65.1, 180/307, 318/139, 318/382, 318/376, 290/11, 290/16, 290/27, 290/40.C, 322/7, 322/8, 322/10, 322/19, 322/21, 322/22, 322/28, 322/36, 322/45, 606/98, 607/06
• US Class Current: 320/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/003 of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/30 The power source being a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A hybrid power system (10) for supplying power to a load (12) such as an electric vehicle is provided. The power system (10) includes an energy storage device (14) and a fuel cell system (16). When the state of charge of the energy storage device (14) is greater than or equal to a predetermined state of charge, the energy storage device (14) supplies all of the power to the load (12). When the state of charge of the energy storage device (14) falls below the predetermined state of charge, the fuel cell system (16) supplies at least a portion of the power to the load (12). In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the fuel cell system (16) then supplies all of the power to the load (12) as long as the power requirement of the load (12) does not exceed an optimal power output of the fuel cell system (16).

Claims

1. A hybrid power system for supplying power to a load, comprising:

an energy storage device; and

,

a fuel cell system

wherein said energy storage device supplies all of said power when a state of charge of said energy storage device is greater than a first predetermined state of charge and said fuel cell system provides at least a portion of said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge.

2. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein said load comprises an electric vehicle.

3. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein said first predetermined state of charge is between about seventy percent and ninety percent.

4. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein said fuel cell system supplies all of said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than a second predetermined state of charge.

5. The hybrid power system of claim 4 wherein said second predetermined state of charge is between about twenty percent and about fifty percent.

6. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein all of said power is supplied by said fuel cell system when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to aid first predetermined state of charge and a power requirement of said load is less than or equal to an optimal power output of said fuel cell system.

7. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein said power is supplied by both said energy storage device and said fuel cell system when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge and a power requirement of said load is greater than an optimal power output of said fuel cell system.

8. The hybrid power system of claim 1 wherein said fuel cell system charges said energy storage device when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge.

9. A hybrid power system for supplying power to a load, comprising:

an energy storage device; and

,

a fuel cell system

wherein said energy storage device supplies all of said power when a state of charge of said energy storage device is greater than a first predetermined state of charge, said fuel cell system supplies all of said power when said state of charge of said storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge and a power requirement of said load is less than or equal to an optimal power output of said fuel cell system, and said energy storage device and said fuel cell both supply said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge and said power requirement of said load is greater than said optimal power output of said fuel cell system.

10. The hybrid power system of claim 9 wherein said load comprises an electric vehicle.

11. The hybrid power system of claim 9 wherein said first predetermined state of charge is between about seventy percent and ninety percent.

12. The hybrid power system of claim 9 wherein said fuel cell system supplies all of said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than a second predetermined state of charge.

13. The hybrid power system of claim 9 wherein said second predetermined state of charge is between about twenty percent and about fifty percent.

14. A method of supplying power to a load, comprising the steps of:

providing an energy storage device and a fuel cell system; and

,

controlling said energy storage device and said fuel cell system

wherein said energy storage device supplies all of said power when a state of charge of said energy storage device is greater than a first predetermined state of charge and said fuel cell system provides at least a portion of said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge.

15. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein said load comprises an electric vehicle.

16. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein said first predetermined state of charge is between about seventy percent and ninety percent.

17. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein said fuel cell system supplies all of said power when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than a second predetermined state of charge.

18. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein said second predetermined state of charge is between about twenty percent and about fifty percent.

19. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein all of said power is supplied by said fuel cell system when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge and a power requirement of said load is less than or equal to an optimal power output of said fuel cell system.

20. The hybrid power system of claim 14 wherein said power is supplied by both said energy storage device and said fuel cell system when said state of charge of said energy storage device is less than or equal to said first predetermined state of charge and a power requirement of said load is greater than an optimal power output of said fuel cell system.