Identification tag

• US 6,744,367 B1
• Filed: 03/12/2002
• Issued: 06/01/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/22/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Mineral Lassen LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Marconi Data Systems Ltd (Danaher Corporation)
• Inventors: Forster, Ian
• Primary Examiner(s): Wu, Daniel J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TANG, SON M
• Application Number:
  US09/979,191
• Time in Patent Office: 812 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.7, 340/572.4, 340/572.5, 340/5.8, 340/870.18, 340/870.02, 310/367, 310/313.R, 310/181, 310/322, 235/492
• US Class Current: 340/572.7
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0675 the resonating marks being of the surface acoustic wave [SAW] kind SAW devices per se H03H9/64
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2225 used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Abstract

An identification tag is provided comprising a multilayer assembly incorporating, in sequence, a metal backing layer, a bulk structural layer, a piezo-electric layer and an electrode layer. The electrode layer incorporates antennas structures for receiving interrogating radiation comprising a first radiation component at a relatively lower frequency and a second radiation component at a relatively higher frequency. The electrode layer also incorporates a structure for modulating a second signal generated in response to receiving the second component by a first signal generated in response to receiving the first component to generate a modulated signal which is re-emitted as reflected radiation from the tag. The presence of the tag is determinable from modulation components present in the reflected radiation, thereby distinguishing the tag from other objects capable of reflecting radiation, but not modulating it.

Claims

1. An identification tag, comprising:

a) transponding means for receiving interrogating radiation and for emitting modulated radiation in response; and

b) modulating means for modulating the received interrogating radiation in a manner indicative of tag identity to generate the modulated radiation, the transponding means including first and second structures for receiving first and second radiation components of the interrogating radiation and generating corresponding first and second signals respectively, said first and second components being at mutually different frequencies, the modulating means including a coupling structure operative for receiving the second signal and generating corresponding acoustic radiation, and for coupling the acoustic radiation to the first structure, the acoustic radiation modulating the first signal in the first structure to generate the modulated radiation, the coupling structure comprising a piezo-electric film for generating the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, the first and second structures comprising radio antennas for receiving the interrogating radiation and emitting the modulated radiation, and the antennas comprising conductive regions formed onto the piezo-electric film on a surface of the tag, the film being operative to generate the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal.

2. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the film is of piezo-electric polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) material.

3. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the film is in a range of 100 μ

m to 250 μ

m thick.

4. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the first structure includes one of a dipole antenna and a circular electrode region, and wherein the second structure includes a loop antenna.

5. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the first structure is spatially within the second structure.

6. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the first structure comprises a plurality of electrically interconnected and radially disposed elongate conducting segment tracks, each track being operative to function as an acoustic resonator having an associated modal vibrational response and to modulate the first component with a modal response corresponding to a segment track stimulated into resonance by acoustic vibrations, thereby providing the tag with a signature code modulated onto the modulated radiation.

7. The tag according to claim 6, wherein the signature code is customizable by selectively mass loading or selectively trimming the segment tracks.

8. The tag according to claim 7, wherein the segment tracks are selectively mass loadable by printing ink thereonto.

9. The tag according to claim 7, wherein the segment tracks are selectively trimmable by laser cutting techniques.

10. The tag according to claim 7, wherein modifications to the tracks to customize the tag are optically readable by an optical scanning device.

11. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the first structure comprises a launcher electrode connected to the second structure, an interdigitated surface acoustic wave structure and a dipole antenna connected to the interdigitated structure, the launcher electrode being operative to couple the second signal to generate surface acoustic waves, the interdigitated structure operative to receive the waves which modulate its electrical characteristics, and the dipole antenna being operative to receive the first component and to generate the first signal which the interdigitated structure is arranged to modulate to provide the modulated radiation.

12. The tag according to claim 11, wherein the interdigitated structure incorporates interdigitated tracks which are selectively connectable to provide the modulated radiation with a signature code for the tag.

13. The tag according to claim 12, wherein the tracks are connectable by printing conductive ink thereonto or disconnectable by laser cutting techniques.

14. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the modulating means and transponding means are operative to co-operate to form a filter for selectively isolating the second signal from the interrogating radiation for use in generating the modulated radiation.

15. The tag according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of layers, the layers comprising in sequence a backing layer, a structural layer, a piezo-electric layer, and an electrode layer, the transponding means and the modulating means formed substantially into the piezo-electric layer and the electrode layer.

16. The tag according to claim 15, wherein the structural layer incorporates a void region aligned to a region of the piezo-electric layer in which acoustic waves substantially propagate.

17. The tag according to claim 16, wherein the backing layer is conductive.

18. The tag according to claim 1, wherein the second structure provides an inductive impedance which forms a tuned circuit in combination with a capacitor formed by the first structure and a backing layer of the tag.

19. A personnel wearable identity card incorporating an identification tag, comprising:

a) transponding means for receiving interrogating radiation and for emitting modulated radiation in response; and

b) modulating means for modulating the received interrogating radiation in a manner indicative of tag identity to generate the modulated radiation, the transponding means including first and second structures for receiving first and second radiation components of the interrogating radiation and generating corresponding first and second signals respectively, said first and second components being at mutually different frequencies, the modulating means including a coupling structure operative for receiving the second signal and generating corresponding acoustic radiation, and for coupling the acoustic radiation to the first structure, the acoustic radiation modulating the first signal in the first structure to generate the modulated radiation, the coupling structure comprising a piezo-electric film for generating the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, the first and second structures comprising radio antennas for receiving the interrogating radiation and emitting the modulated radiation, and the antennas comprising conductive regions formed onto the piezo-electric film on a surface of the tag, the film being operative to generate the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal.

20. An anti-theft tag for counteracting theft of items attached thereto, the anti-theft tag incorporating an identification tag, comprising:

a) transponding means for receiving interrogating radiation and for emitting modulated radiation in response; and

b) modulating means for modulating the received interrogating radiation in a manner indicative of tag identity to generate the modulated radiation, the transponding means including first and second structures for receiving first and second radiation components of the interrogating radiation and generating corresponding first and second signals respectively, said first and second components being at mutually different frequencies, the modulating means including a coupling structure operative for receiving the second signal and generating corresponding acoustic radiation, and for coupling the acoustic radiation to the first structure, the acoustic radiation modulating the first signal in the first structure to generate the modulated radiation, the coupling structure comprising a piezo-electric film for generating the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, the first and second structures comprising radio antennas for receiving the interrogating radiation and emitting the modulated radiation, and the antennas comprising conductive regions formed onto the piezo-electric film on a surface of the tag, the film being operative to generate the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal.

21. A combination comprising:

a) an identification tag including

i) transponding means for receiving interrogating radiation and for emitting modulated radiation in response; and

ii) modulating means for modulating the received interrogating radiation in a manner indicative of tag identity to generate the modulated radiation, the transponding means including first and second structures for receiving first and second radiation components of the interrogating radiation and generating corresponding first and second signals respectively, said first and second components being at mutually different frequencies, the modulating means including a coupling structure operative for receiving the second signal and generating corresponding acoustic radiation, and for coupling the acoustic radiation to the first structure, the acoustic radiation modulating the first signal in the first structure to generate the modulated radiation, the coupling structure comprising a piezo-electric film for generating the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, the first and second structures comprising radio antennas for receiving the interrogating radiation and emitting the modulated radiation, and the antennas comprising conductive regions formed onto the piezo-electric film on a surface of the tag, the film being operative to generate the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal; and

b) an apparatus for interrogating the tag, the apparatus operative to emit the interrogating radiation to the tag, said interrogating radiation comprising first and second radiation components, and operative to receive modulated radiation emitted from the tag in response to the interrogating radiation and to determine identity of the tag from radiation components present in the modulated radiation corresponding to the first radiation component modulated by the second radiation component.

22. A strain sensor incorporating an identification tag, comprising:

a) transponding means for receiving interrogating radiation and for emitting modulated radiation in response; and

b) modulating means for modulating the received interrogating radiation in a manner indicative of tag identity to generate the modulated radiation, the transponding means including first and second structures for receiving first and second radiation components of the interrogating radiation and generating corresponding first and second signals respectively, said first and second components being at mutually different frequencies, the modulating means including a coupling structure operative for receiving the second signal and generating corresponding acoustic radiation, and for coupling the acoustic radiation to the first structure, the acoustic radiation modulating the first signal in the first structure to generate the modulated radiation, the coupling structure comprising a piezo-electric film for generating the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, the first and second structures comprising radio antennas for receiving the interrogating radiation and emitting the modulated radiation, and the antennas comprising conductive regions formed onto the piezo-electric film on a surface of the tag, the film being operative to generate the acoustic radiation in response to the second signal, wherein the first structure comprises a launcher electrode connected to the second structure, an interdigitated surface acoustic wave structure and a dipole antenna connected to the interdigitated structure, the launcher electrode being operative to couple the second signal to generate surface acoustic waves, the interdigitated structure operative to receive the waves which modulate its electrical characteristics, and the dipole antenna being operative to receive the first component and to generate the first signal which the interdigitated structure is arranged to modulate to provide the modulated radiation, and wherein the sensor is operative to sense strain coupled to the tag causing change in the interdigitated structure and inducing corresponding changes induced in the modulated radiation.