Multi-dimensional spread spectrum modem

• US 6,744,807 B1
• Filed: 05/31/2000
• Issued: 06/01/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Pretoria
• Original Assignee: University of Pretoria
• Inventors: Marx, Frans Engelbertius, Linde, Louis Philippus
• Primary Examiner(s): Ghebretinsae, Temesghen
• Application Number:
  US09/583,707
• Time in Patent Office: 1,462 Days
• Field of Search: 375/130, 375/140, 375/144, 375/146, 375/147, 375/148
• US Class Current: 375/140
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/10 Code generation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2272 using phase locked loops H04L27/2273 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2273 associated with quadrature demodulation, e.g. Costas loop

Abstract

An n-dimensional direct sequence spread spectrum modulator (10) comprises a spreading sequence generator (21) for generating a set of n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences. The spreading sequences each comprises combinations of the real and imaginary parts of complex sequences. A first frequency spreading arrangement (24,26) comprises a first input (24.1,26.1) for a first set of n/2 parallel input data streams (d₁(t) d₂(t)), a second input (24.2, 26.2) for the set of spreading sequences and an output (24.3, 26.3). Respective input data streams are associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences. A second frequency spreading arrangement (28,30) comprises a first input (28.1, 30.1) for a second set of n/2 parallel input data streams (d₃(t), d₄(t)), a second input (28.2, 30.2) for the set of spreading sequences and an output (28.3, 30.3). Respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences. A quadrature modulator (42) comprises a first input (36.1) and a second input (38.1) and an output (40). The first input (36.1) is connected to the output of the first frequency spreading arrangement and the second input (38.1) is connected to the output of the second frequency spreading arrangement. An associated demodulator is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional spread spectrum modulator comprising:

a spreading sequence generator for generating a set of substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences;

a first frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a first set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output;

a second frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a second set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output; and

a quadrature modulator comprising first and second inputs and an output, the first input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the first frequency spreading means and the second input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the second frequency spreading means,

wherein the set of spreading sequences are derived from at least one complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part, wherein each spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences comprises a combination of at least two parts of the at least one complex sequence, wherein the combination is an arithmetic sum of the real part and the imaginary part, and wherein a first spreading sequence in the set comprises the sum of the real part and a negative of the imaginary part of the complex sequence and wherein a second spreading sequence in the set comprises a negative sum of said real part and said imaginary part of the complex sequence.

12. A modem comprising a modulator as claimed in claim 1 and a demodulator as claimed in claim 6.

2. A multi-dimensional spread spectrum modulator comprising:

a spreading sequence generator for generating a set of substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences;

a first frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a first set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output;

a second frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a second set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output; and

a quadrature modulator comprising first and second inputs and an output, the first input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the first frequency spreading means and the second input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the second frequency spreading means,

wherein the first input of the first frequency spreading means comprises n/2 branches for n/2 input data streams, wherein the first spreading means comprises n/2 spreading multipliers and the set of spreading sequences comprises n/2 spreading sequences connected to respective multipliers, to spread the n/2 data streams, wherein the first input of the second frequency spreading means comprises n/2 branches for n/2 input data streams, wherein the second spreading means comprises n/2 spreading multipliers and respective ones of the n/2 spreading sequences are connected to the n/2 multipliers of the second frequency spreading means to spread the n/2 data streams at the first input of the second frequency spreading means, wherein output signals of the n/2 multipliers of the first frequency spreading means are added by a first adder to provide a first spreaded signal; and

wherein output signals of the n/2 multipliers of the second frequency spreading means are added by a second adder to provide a second spreaded signal.

3. A modulator as claim in claim 2, wherein the first and second spreaded signals are modulated on first and second quadrature carriers respectively, to provide first and second modulated spreaded signals.

4. A modulator as claim in claim 3, wherein the first and second modulated spreaded signals are added by a third adder to provide an output signal of the modulator.

5. A modulator as claimed in claim 4 wherein the first set of data streams is duplicated as the second set of data streams, wherein the spreading sequences are analytical and wherein the output signal is a single side-band signal.

6. An n-dimensional spread spectrum demodulator wherein n is larger than two, the demodulator comprising:

an input for a received modulated spread spectrum signal comprising n mutually orthogonal data signals spreaded with a set of n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences, wherein the set is derived from at least one non-binary complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part utilizing combinations of the real part and the imaginary part;

the input being connected to a circuit for recovering quadrature carriers in the received signal;

a local despreading sequence generator for generating a set of n/2 mutually orthogonal despreading sequences, wherein the set is derived from at least one non-binary complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part utilizing combinations of the real part and the imaginary part;

the input also being connected to a tracking and synchronizing circuit for tracking the n/2 spreading sequences in the received signal and synchronizing the locally generated despreading sequences with the tracked spreading sequences; and

circuitry connected to the carrier recovery circuit and the spreading sequence synchronization circuit for extracting the n data signals from the received signal, utilizing the recovered quadrature carriers and the n/2 despreading sequences.

7. A demodulator as claimed in claim 6 wherein the despreading sequences comprises combinations of the real and the imaginary parts of the at least one complex sequences.

8. A demodulator as claimed in claim 6 wherein the carrier recovery circuit comprises an n-dimensional decision-directed complex Costas carrier recovery loop having a first input for the received spread spectrum signal, a second input for the n/2 despreading sequences, a first output for the n data signals and a second output for the recovered quadrature carriers.

9. A demodulator as claimed in claim 8 wherein the second output is taken from a voltage controlled oscillator in the loop and which oscillator is driven by a first error signal derived from n-dimensional decision-directed circuitry of the Costas carrier recovery loop.

10. A demodulator as claimed in claim 9 wherein the tracking and synchronizing circuit comprises an n-dimensional decision-directed complex delay-locked-loop having a first input for the received spread spectrum signal, a second input connected to the second output of the carrier recovery circuit for receiving the recovered carriers;

a third input connected to the first output of the carrier recovery circuit for inputting the recovered data signals;

a fourth input for data relating to late and early replicas of the despreading sequences;

a first output for the synchronized despreading sequences which is connected to the second input of the carrier recovery circuit; and

a second output for said data relating to late and early replicas of the despreading sequences and which second output is connected to sad fourth input.

11. A demodulator as claimed in claim 10 wherein the first and second outputs are taken from a voltage controlled code generator which is driven by a second error signal derived from n-dimensional decision-directed circuitry of the complex delay-locked-loop.

13. A method of frequency spread modulating n data streams wherein n is larger than two, the method comprising the steps of:

dividing the n data streams into first and second groups of n/2 streams each;

utilizing n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences respectively to frequency spread the streams in the first group, thereby to provide a first group of n/2 mutually orthogonal frequency spreaded signals, wherein the n/2 spreading sequences are derived from at least one non-binary complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part utilizing combinations of the real part and the imaginary part;

utilizing the n/2 spreading sequences respectively to frequency spread the streams in the second group, thereby to provide a second group of n/2 mutually orthogonal frequency spreaded signals; and

modulating the first group of frequency spreaded signals and the second group of frequency spreaded signals on first and second quadrature carriers respectively, thereby to generate n mutually orthogonal modulated data signals.

14. A method of demodulating n substantially mutually orthogonal data streams in an incoming spread spectrum signal and wherein n is larger than two, the method comprising the steps of:

utilizing one of;

(a) a set of n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal despreading sequences derived from at least one non-binary complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part utilizing combinations of the real part and the imaginary part; and

(b) first and second quadrature signals, to separate the n data streams into first and second substantially mutually orthogonal groups of signals; and

utilizing another of (a) and (b) to extract the n data streams from the first and second groups.

15. An n-dimensional spread spectrum modulator having n data inputs and wherein n is larger than two, comprising:

a spreading sequence generator for generating a set of n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences, wherein the set is derived from at least one non-binary complex sequence having a real part and an imaginary part utilizing combinations of the real part and the imaginary part;

a first frequency spreading arrangement comprising a first set of n/2 inputs for n/2 parallel input data streams, a second set of n/2 inputs one for each of said spreading sequences, each input of the first set being associated with a respective input of the second set and an output, so that each input data stream is associated with a respective spreading sequence to provide at the output of the first arrangement n/2 mutually orthogonal frequency spreaded data signals;

a second frequency spreading arrangement comprising a first set of n/2 parallel inputs for n/2 parallel input data streams, a second set of n/2 inputs one for each of said spreading sequences, each input of the first set being associated with a respective input of the second set and an output, so that each input data stream is associated with a respective spreading sequence to provide at the output of the second arrangement n/2 mutually orthogonal frequency spreaded data signals; and

a quadrature modulator comprising first and second inputs and an output, the first input being connected to the output of the first frequency spreading arrangement and the second input being connected to the output of the second frequency spreading arrangement, to provide at the output of the quadrature modulator n mutually orthogonal spreaded and modulated data signals.

16. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first spreading arrangement comprises n/2 spreading multipliers each comprising a first input connected to a respective input of said first set of inputs, a second input connected to a respective input of said second set of inputs and an output, wherein the output of each multiplier is connected to a respective input of a first adder having an output connected to the output of the first arrangement.

17. A modulator as claimed in claim 16 wherein the second spreading arrangement comprises n/2 spreading multipliers each comprising a first input connected to a respective input of said first set of inputs, a second input connected to a respective input of said second set of inputs and an output, wherein the output of each multiplier is connected to a respective input of a second adder having an output connected to the output of the second arrangement.

18. A modulator as claimed in claim 17 wherein the output of the first adder is connected to the first input of the quadrature modulator and the output of the second adder is connected to the second input of the quadrature modulator.

19. A modulator as claimed in claim 18 wherein the output of the quadrature modulator comprises first and second outputs for quadrature signals and wherein said first output is connected to a first input of a third adder and said second output is connected to a second input of the adder, an output of the adder being connected to an output of the n-dimensional modulator.

20. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein n is equal to four, wherein the n/2 substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences comprises first and second spreading sequences which are derived from one complex sequence.

21. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein n is larger than four and the n/2 spreading sequences are derived from not more than n/4 complex sequences.

22. A modulator as claimed in claim 21 wherein the n inputs of the modulator are divided in n/4 groups of four, wherein for each group two inputs form part of the first spreading arrangement and two inputs form part of the second spreading arrangement, and wherein first and second spreading sequences for each group are derived from a respective one of the n/4 complex sequences.

23. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein each spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences comprises a combination of at least two parts of the at least one complex sequence.

24. A modulator as claimed in claim 23 wherein the combination is an arithmetic sum of the real part and the imaginary part.

25. A modulator as claimed in claim 24 wherein a first spreading sequence in the set comprises the sum of the real part and a negative of the imaginary part of the at least one complex sequence and wherein a second spreading sequence in the set comprises a negative sum of said real part and said imaginary part of the at least one complex sequence.

26. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first set of n/2 inputs of the first frequency spreading arrangement and the first set of n/2 inputs of the second frequency spading arrangement are connected to an output of a serial-to-parallel converter.

27. A modulator as claimed in claim 15 wherein the input data streams of the first spreading arrangement are also used as the input data streams for the second spreading arrangement, wherein the spreading sequences are analytical and wherein the output signal is a single side-band signal.

28. A multi-dimensional spread spectrum modulator comprising:

a spreading sequence generator for generating a set of substantially mutually orthogonal spreading sequences, the set of spreading sequences being derived from at least one complex sequence comprising a real part and an imaginary part, wherein a first spreading sequence in the set comprises a sum of the real part and a negative of the imaginary part of the at least one complex sequence and wherein a second spreading sequence in the set comprises a negative sum of said real part and said imaginary part;

a first frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a first set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output;

a second frequency spreading means comprising a first input for a second set of parallel input data streams;

a second input for the set of spreading sequences, respective input data streams being associated with respective spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences; and

an output; and

a quadrature modulator comprising first and second inputs and an output, the first input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the first frequency spreading means and the second input of the quadrature modulator being connected to the output of the second frequency spreading means.