System for preventing parallel marketing of retail items

• US 6,746,053 B1
• Filed: 10/29/1998
• Issued: 06/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Afzali-Ardakani, Ali, Schrott, Alejandro Gabriel, Feger, Claudius, Tresser, Charles P., Martens, Marco, Moskowitz, Paul Andrew, von Gutfeld, Robert Jacob
• Primary Examiner(s): Banks, Derris H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Henderson, Mark T.
• Application Number:
  US09/182,280
• Time in Patent Office: 2,049 Days
• Field of Search: 283/72, 283/91, 283/113, 705/28, 235/462.01, 235/462.13, 235/435, 235/491, 235/454, 427/197, 427/198, 427/256, 428/64.4, 428/29, 428/211, 428/41.6, 428/40.2, 428/913, 206/459.5
• US Class Current: 283/72
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06028 using bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 3/00 Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means medals or badges A44C3/00; making labels B31D1/02; sheets temporarily attached together B42F; labelling B65C; labels on record carriers G11B23/38, G11B23/40; Seals; Postage or like stamps
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1405 Capsule or particulate matter containing [e.g., sphere, flake, microballoon, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1467 Coloring agent
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24934 including paper layer

Abstract

A system and method for detecting parallel marketing of an item, include forming at least one of a coating and a code on the item, interrogating the at least one of the coating and said code, and determining from the interrogating whether the item has been transferred from an authorized merchant to an unauthorized merchant.

Claims

1. A system for detecting unauthorized marketing of an item comprising:

a coating formed on said item, wherein said coating contains at least one chemical marker, wherein a presence of said at least one chemical marker forms a code, wherein said presence is not substantially observable under ordinary visible light, and wherein said presence is detectable by a unique spectrum;

a detector for determining information contents of said coating and said code; and

a processor for determining, based on an output of said detector, whether said item has been transferred from an authorized merchant to an unauthorized merchant,

wherein said at least one chemical marker comprises at least one rare earth element,

wherein an index of refraction of said coating and said item are substantially the same, and

wherein said code is derived from a unique spectrum based upon a proportion of at least two chemical markers and a presence or absence of one or more chemical markers.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said spectrum results from one of an x-ray source, an electron beam, an ion source, and a neutron source.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor traces back said code on said item to an authorized merchant.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one chemical marker comprises at least one of a dissolved marker and a dispersed marker in said coating.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one rare earth element comprises at least one element from a group of elements whose atomic numbers are approximately 57 to 72.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein said detector comprises a spectrometer.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one chemical marker comprises two or more rare earth elements not present in said item.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one rare earth element comprises lutetium and europium.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein a thickness of said coating is within a range of 0.1 to 10 microns.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein said coating comprises multiple coatings, each of said multiple coatings comprising a unique spectrum.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein said coating comprises at least one of epoxy, organo-silanes, and cellulosics.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a protective coat for covering said coating, said protective coat comprising an index of refraction substantially the same as that of the coating and the item.

5. The system of 1, wherein said code is assigned to a merchant.