Non-synchronous switching regulator with improved output regulation at light or low loads

• US 6,747,441 B2
• Filed: 08/20/2002
• Issued: 06/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/20/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Fowler, Thomas L., Johnson, Alan Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US10/224,131
• Publication Number:
  US 20040036458A1
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/283, 323/284, 323/285
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1582 Buck-boost converters H02M3/1584 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching power supply or switching regulator is provided with a control circuit that controls a switching signal to a first switch. The switching signal is also coupled to a second switch in an inverted state, such as the first and second switches are switched “ON” and “OFF” in opposing states. The first switch and the second switch are coupled through a common node. The second switch is also coupled to ground. An inductor is coupled to the common node and an output capacitor. The switching signal generates an operating current through the inductor that charges the output capacitor to provide a regulated voltage at an output terminal. The second switch is designed to handle the small reverse current that occurs when the first switch is turned off preventing the regulator from entering a discontinuous mode during light load conditions.

Claims

1. A switching regulator comprising:

a highside power switch and a lowside switch coupled in series, the highside power switch coupled to a first voltage rail and the lowside switch coupled to a second voltage rail;

an inductor coupled to a node between the highside power switch and the lowside switch and an output capacitor; and

a control circuit that provides a switching signal to the highside power switch resulting in the generation of an operating current through the inductor that charges the output capacitor to provide a regulated voltage at an output terminal, the lowside switch provides a path for a reverse current that occurs at light loads on the output terminal

wherein the lowside switch being substantially weaker than the highside power switch.

2. The switching regulator of claim 1, the highside power switch and the lowside switch being N-type MOSFET devices.

3. The switching regulator of claim 1, the lowside switch is sized to handle a reverse current of about ½

a ripple current through the inductor.

4. The switching regulator of claim 1, the switching signal controlling the switching of turning the highside power switch “

ON”

while turning the lowside power switch “

OFF”

, and turning the highside power switch “

OFF”

while turning the lowside power switch “

ON”

.

5. The switching regulator of claim 4, the operating current is provided by the highside power switch when the highside power switch is in an “

ON”

state and the lowside power switch is in an “

OFF”

state, the operating current is provided initially by a diode coupled between the node and the second voltage rail when the highside power switch is in an “

OFF”

state and the lowside power switch is in an “

ON”

state, the lowside power switch pulling the node to the second voltage rail to mitigate ringing at the node when the operating current through the inductor decreases below zero.

6. The switching regulator of claim 1 being a non-synchronous buck converter.

7. The switching regulator of claim 1, further comprising a bootstrap circuit coupled to the highside switch that facilitates the turning “

ON”

of the highside power switch by pulling the input signal above the node.

8. The switching regulator of claim 1, further comprising a diode located between the lowside switch and the highside power switch, the diode mitigating subtrate injection that occurs when the inductor pulls the node below the second voltage rail.

9. A non-synchronous switching regulator comprising:

a highside power Field Effect Transistor (FET) coupled to an input voltage and a common node;

a weak lowside FET coupled to a ground;

a first diode with an anode coupled to the common node and a cathode coupled to the weak lowside FET;

a second diode with an anode coupled to ground and a cathode coupled to the common node;

an inductor coupled to the common node and an output capacitor; and

a control circuit operative to control a duty cycle of an input signal provided to the highside power FET and the weak lowside FET resulting in the generation of a charge current through the inductor that charges the output capacitor to provide a regulated voltage at an output terminal, the lowside FET provides a path for a reverse current to prevent the regulator from entering a discontinuous mode that occurs at light loads on the output terminal.

10. The switching regulator of claim 9, the highside power FET and the weak lowside FET comprising N-type MOSFET devices.

11. The switching regulator of claim 9, the weak lowside FET is selected to handle a reverse current of about ½

the ripple current through the inductor.

12. The switching regulator of claim 9, the first diode inhibits the weak lowside FET from substrate injection that occurs when the inductor pulls the common node below ground.

13. The switching regulator of claim 9, the second diode is selected to provide the charge current when the highside power FET enters an “

OFF”

state and the weak Lowside FET enters an “

ON”

state.

14. The switching regulator of claim 9, the control circuit being one of a pulse width modulator, FM modulator, hysteretic device, pulse skipping device and a programmed modulator.

15. The switching regulator of claim 9 being a non-synchronous buck converter.

16. The switching regulator of claim 9, further comprising a bootstrap circuit coupled to the highside power FET that pulls the input signal to the gate of the highside power FET above the source of the highside power FET when the highside power FET enters an “

ON”

state, the second diode providing a recharge path for a capacitor of the bootstrap circuit.

17. The switching regulator of claim 9, the input signal controls the switching of turning the highside power FET and the weak lowside FET between opposing “

ON” and

an “

OFF”

states.

18. A method of operating a non-synchronous switching regulator, the method comprising;

switching a highside power switch coupled to an input voltage and a common node to an “

ON”

state;

switching a lowside switch coupled to a ground and the common node to an “

OFF”

state;

generating a charge current through an inductor coupled to the common node and an output capacitor;

charging the output capacitor to a desired regulated output voltage;

switching the highside power switch to an “

OFF”

state and the lowside switch to an “

ON”

state;

providing an initial charging current to the inductor through a diode coupled to ground; and

allowing a reverse current of the inductor to flow through the lowside switch to ground,

wherein the lowside switch being substantially weaker than the highside power switch.

19. The method of claim 18, the highside power switch and the lowside switch being switched between opposing “

ON” and

“

OFF”

states concurrently.

20. The method of claim 18, the lowside switch is selected to handle a reverse current of about ½

a ripple current through the inductor.