Analog memory cell in a low power oscillator

• US 6,747,521 B1
• Filed: 07/26/2002
• Issued: 06/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 07/26/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Zeevo, Inc. (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Allott, Stephen
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Linh M.
• Application Number:
  US10/206,256
• Time in Patent Office: 683 Days
• Field of Search: 331/175, 331/17, 331/176, 331/177, 331/14, 331/34, 331/18, 331/177.R, 327/147, 327/156
• US Class Current: 331/175
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0802 the loop being adapted for reducing power consumption H03L7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0891 the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/104 using an additional signal from outside the loop for setting or controlling a parameter in the loop H03L7/107, H03L7/12 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/146 by using digital means for generating the oscillator control signal H03L7/141, H03L7/143 take precedence

Abstract

An analog memory cell that may be incorporated into a low power oscillator is provided. The analog memory cell stores an analog voltage as a digital signal and converts the digital signal back to an analog voltage to allow continued generation of an accurate constant output voltage regardless of temperature-dependent leakage currents associated with parasitic diodes and non-ideal devices. The accurate constant output voltage provided by the analog memory cell may be used by the low power oscillator to generate an accurate low frequency output signal. This accurate low frequency output signal may be used to maintain long-term timing accuracy in host devices during sleep modes of operation. Incorporation of the analog memory cell in the low power oscillator is fully implementable in a CMOS process.

Claims

1. A low power oscillator, comprising:

a voltage controlled oscillator having an input and an output, the output configured to provide an output signal of substantially constant frequency; and

an analog memory cell in electrical communication with the input of the voltage controlled oscillator, the analog memory cell configured to provide a voltage to the input of the voltage controlled oscillator, the analog memory cell having digital circuitry that includes a latch configured to provide a constant digital output signal when activated, and the analog memory cell including digital-to-analog conversion circuitry for receiving the constant digital output signal from the latch and outputting the voltage provided to the voltage controlled oscillator, wherein the voltage remains substantially constant when the latch is activated.

2. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 1, wherein the analog memory cell is further configured to provide a digital input signal to the input of the voltage controlled oscillator, the voltage controlled oscillator being configured to operate using one of a plurality of gain response functions, the digital input signal configured to control a selection from the plurality of gain response functions.

3. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 1, wherein the digital circuitry of the analog memory cell is configured to replicate an analog input voltage as a digital signal, the digital circuitry being further configured to maintain the digital signal in the absence of the analog input voltage.

4. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 1, wherein the input to the voltage controlled oscillator is derived from an external crystal during normal power operation of a host device and the input to the voltage controlled oscillator is provided by the analog memory cell during low power operation of the host device, the input to the voltage controlled oscillator remaining sufficiently constant to allow generation of the output signal of substantially constant frequency.

5. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 4, wherein the output signal of substantially constant frequency is maintained at a frequency in the range of 28 kHz to 36 kHz for at least a duration of 41 seconds, the duration being the time over which the analog memory cell provides a substantially constant input voltage to the voltage controlled oscillator.

6. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 1, wherein the analog memory cell comprises both analog circuitry and digital circuitry, both the analog circuitry and digital circuitry being implemented in a CMOS process.

7. A low power oscillator as recited in claim 1, comprising:

a low power oscillator input signal in electrical communication with a reference divider;

the reference divider in electrical communication with a phase frequency detector;

the phase frequency detector in electrical communication with a plurality of charge pumps;

the plurality of charge pumps in electrical communication with a resistor, wherein the resistor is in electrical communication with a capacitor;

the plurality of charge pumps in electrical communication with the analog memory cell;

a host device sleep mode controller in electrical communication with the analog memory cell;

the phase frequency detector in electrical communication with the analog memory cell;

the phase frequency detector in electrical communication with an N counter; and

the voltage controlled oscillator in electrical communication with the N counter.

8. An analog memory cell, comprising:

digital-to-analog conversion circuitry configured to receive a first digital control signal and provide an output voltage;

comparator circuitry in electrical communication with the digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, the comparator circuitry configured to receive the output voltage from the digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, the comparator circuitry further configured to receive an input voltage, the comparator circuitry configured to compare the output voltage and the input voltage to generate a second digital control signal; and

digital circuitry in electrical communication with both the comparator circuitry and the digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, the digital circuitry comprising a successive approximation logic block, an integration logic block, and a digital signal latch, the digital circuitry configured to receive the second digital control signal from the comparator circuitry, the digital circuitry further configured to process the second digital control signal through either the successive approximation logic block or the integration logic block to generate the first digital control signal, the digital signal latch capable of latching the first digital control signal.

9. An analog memory cell as recited in claim 8, wherein:

the successive approximation logic block is configured to coarsely modify the first digital control signal in a successive approximation mode;

the integration logic block is configured to finely modify the first digital control signal in an integration mode; and

the digital signal latch is configured to maintain the first digital control signal substantially constant.

10. An analog memory cell as recited in claim 9, wherein the digital circuitry is in further electrical communication with a phase frequency detector, the digital circuitry configured to switch between successive approximation mode and integration mode in the presence of a third digital control signal received from the phase frequency detector, the third digital control signal indicating a loop lock detection.

11. An analog memory cell as recited in claim 10, wherein the digital circuitry is in further electrical communication with a host device sleep mode controller, the digital signal latch configured to latch the first digital control signal in the presence of both the third digital control signal and a fourth digital control signal received from the host device sleep mode controller, the fourth digital control signal indicating host device sleep mode operation.

12. An analog memory cell as recited in claim 8, wherein the digital circuitry is in further electrical communication with a voltage controlled oscillator, the digital circuitry configured to provide a fifth digital control signal to the voltage controlled oscillator, the digital circuitry further comprising a second digital signal latch, the second digital signal latch capable of latching the fifth digital control signal, the fifth digital control signal having the capability to control a gain response of the voltage controlled oscillator.

13. An analog memory cell as recited in claim 8, wherein the digital-to-analog conversion circuitry is in electrical communication with a voltage band gap, the voltage band gap configured to provide a substantially constant input voltage to the digital-to-analog conversion circuitry.

14. A method for providing a substantially constant voltage to operate a low power oscillator, comprising:

operating a phase lock loop comprising an analog memory cell;

operating the analog memory cell in a coarse mode to adjust a voltage generated by the analog memory cell;

acquiring a loop lock by operating the analog memory cell in the coarse mode;

operating the analog memory cell in a fine mode to adjust the voltage generated by the analog memory cell, wherein the voltage adjustments provided by the fine mode are of substantially small size relative to the voltage adjustments provided by the coarse mode; and

latching a digital signal in the analog memory cell, wherein the digital signal provides an input to digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, wherein the input to digital-to-analog conversion circuitry dictates the voltage generated by the analog memory cell.

15. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein operating the analog memory cell in the coarse mode is equivalent to operating the analog memory cell in a successive approximation mode, the successive approximation mode incrementally adjusting the voltage generated by the analog memory cell, wherein the incremental adjusting occurs in substantially large sized increments relative to the fine mode.

16. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein operating the analog memory cell in the coarse mode comprises controlling a gain of a voltage controlled oscillator to acquire locking of the phase lock loop, wherein locking of the phase lock loop allows latching of the gain of the voltage controlled oscillator.

17. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein operating the analog memory cell in the fine mode is equivalent to operating the analog memory cell in an integration mode, the integration mode incrementally adjusting the voltage generated by the analog memory cell, wherein the incremental adjusting occurs in substantially small sized increments relative to the successive approximation mode.

18. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein operating the analog memory cell in the fine mode comprises tracking and refining the loop voltage.

19. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein latching of the digital signal in the analog cell occurs after acquisition of the loop lock and after receipt of a low power mode signal from host device.

20. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein latching of the digital signal in the analog cell remains in effect until a normal operation signal is received from a host device.