Technique and system for measuring a characteristic in a subterranean well

• US 6,751,556 B2
• Filed: 12/12/2002
• Issued: 06/15/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sensor Highway Limited (Schlumberger NV)
• Original Assignee: Sensor Highway Limited (Schlumberger NV)
• Inventors: Schroeder, Robert J., Tarvin, Jeffrey, Brown, George A., Ramos, Rogerio T.
• Primary Examiner(s): MCELHENY JR, DONALD E
• Application Number:
  US10/317,556
• Publication Number:
  US 20030236626A1
• Time in Patent Office: 551 Days
• Field of Search: 702/6, 356/73.1, 374/138, 374/148, 250/256, 250/227.14, 731/522.1, 731/521.8, 731/523.3
• US Class Current: 702/6
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35364 using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 11/32 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 11/3206 at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 15/00 Testing or calibrating of thermometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 15/002 Calibrated temperature sources, temperature standards therefor arrangements with respect to the cold junction of thermo-electric elements G01K7/12

Abstract

A technique usable with a subterranean well includes deploying a first optical sensor downhole in the subterranean well. The technique includes observing an intensity of backscattered light from the first optical sensor to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a portion of the well. The technique includes deploying a second sensor downhole to measure the characteristic at discreet points within the portion. The second sensor is separate from this first sensor and includes at least one interferometric sensor.

Claims

1. A method usable with a subterranean well, comprising:

deploying a first optical sensor downhole in a remote location;

observing an intensity of backscattered light from the first optical sensor to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a segment of the remote location; and

deploying a second optical sensor downhole to measure the characteristic at discrete points within the segment, the second sensor being separate from the first optical sensor and comprising at least one interferometric sensor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a distributed temperature sensor and the second optical sensor comprises at least one fiber Bragg grating.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a stress and a temperature.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second optical sensor comprises at least one Bragg grating.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using optical time domain reflectometry to measure the distribution of the characteristic using the first optical sensor.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selectively combining the measurements from the first and second optical sensors to enhance a measurement temperature resolution.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using the second optical sensor to enhance an accuracy provided by the first optical sensor.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using the first and second optical sensors to measure movement of a temperature spot.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a single-ended optical fiber.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a double-ended optical fiber.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor is associated with an intensity-based temperature measurement system;

and

the second optical sensor is associated with a frequency-based temperature measurement system.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor are formed from an optical fiber shared in common by both the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor.

14. A system usable with a subterranean well, comprising:

a first optical sensor to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a portion of the well, the first optical sensor adapted to reflect incident light so that an intensity of backscattered light is observed to measure the characteristic; and

a second optical sensor extending downhole to measure the characteristic at discrete points within the portion, the second optical sensor being separate from the first optical sensor and comprising at least one interferometric sensor.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a distributed temperature sensor and the second optical sensor comprises at least one fiber Bragg grating.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the measurement by the second optical sensor has a higher resolution than the measurement by the first optical sensor.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a stress and a temperature.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the second optical sensor comprises an optical fiber comprising at least one Bragg grating.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber, the system further comprising:

a light source to generate light pulses downhole into the optical fiber; and

an analyzer to analyze the spectrum of backscattered light produced by the light pulses to derive the distribution.

20. The system of claim 14, further comprising:

a processor to selectively combine the measurements from the first and second optical sensors to enhance a measurement resolution.

21. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber.

22. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a single-ended optical fiber.

23. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a double-ended optical fiber.

24. The system of claim 14, wherein

the first optical sensor is associated with an intensity-based temperature measurement system, and

the second optical sensor is associated with a frequency-based temperature measurement system.

25. The system of claim 14, wherein the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor are formed from an optical fiber shared in common by both the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor.

26. A method comprising:

deploying a first optical sensor in a remote location;

observing an intensity of backscattered light from the first optical sensor to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a segment of the remote location; and

deploying a second optical sensor in the remote location to measure the characteristic at discrete points within the segment, the second optical sensor being separate from the first optical sensor and comprising at least one interferometric sensor.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the remote location comprises one of the following:

food processing equipment;

chemical processing equipment, a subterranean well, a power cable, and a pipeline.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a temperature and a stress.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber.

30. The method of claim 26, wherein the second optical sensor comprises an optical fiber comprising at least one Bragg grating.

31. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

using optical time domain reflectometry to measure the distribution of the characteristic using the first optical sensor.

32. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

selectively combining the measurements from the first and second optical sensors to enhance a measurement temperature resolution.

33. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

using the second optical sensor to enhance an accuracy provided by the first optical sensor.

34. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

using the first and second optical sensors to measure movement of a temperature spot.

35. The method of claim 26, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a single-ended optical fiber.

36. The method of claim 26, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a double-ended optical fiber.

37. The method of claim 26, wherein the first optical sensor is associated with an intensity-based temperature measurement system;

and

the second optical sensor is associated with a frequency-based temperature measurement system.

38. The method of claim 26, wherein the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor are formed from an optical fiber shared in common by both the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor.

39. A system comprising:

a first optical sensor located at a remote segment to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a segment at the remote location; and

a second optical sensor extending downhole to measure the characteristic at discrete points within the segment, the second sensor being separate from the first optical sensor and comprising at least one interferometric sensor.

40. The system of claim 39, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a stress and a temperature.

41. The system of claim 39, wherein the remote location comprises one of the following:

food processing equipment;

chemical processing equipment, a subterranean well, a power cable and a pipeline.

42. The system of claim 39, wherein the second optical sensor comprises an optical fiber comprising at least one Bragg grating.

43. The system of claim 39, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber, the system further comprising:

a light source to generate light pulses into the optical fiber; and

analyzer to analyze the spectrum of backscattered light produced by the light pulses to derive the distribution.

44. The system of claim 39, further comprising:

a processor to selectively combine the measurements from the first and second optical sensors to enhance a measurement resolution.

45. The system of claim 39, further comprising:

a processor to combine the measurements from the first and optical sensors to enhance a measurement accuracy.

46. The system of claim 39, wherein the first optical sensor comprises an optical fiber.

47. The system of claim 39, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a single-ended optical fiber.

48. The system of claim 39, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a double-ended optical fiber.

49. The system of claim 39, wherein

the first optical sensor is associated with an intensity-based temperature measurement system, and

the second optical sensor is associated with a frequency-based temperature measurement system.

50. The system of claim 39, wherein the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor are formed from an optical fiber shared in common by both the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor.