Hot plate precipitation measuring system

• US 6,751,571 B1
• Filed: 02/18/2003
• Issued: 06/15/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents Nevada System of Higher Education (State of Nevada), University Corporation For Atmospheric Research
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents Nevada System of Higher Education (State of Nevada), University Corporation For Atmospheric Research
• Inventors: Rasmussen, Roy Martin, Hallett, John
• Primary Examiner(s): SHAH, KAMINI S
• Application Number:
  US10/368,508
• Time in Patent Office: 483 Days
• Field of Search: 702/3, 702/130, 731/701.6, 731/701.7, 731/701.8, 731/701.9, 731/702.1, 356/336, 356/338, 356/342
• US Class Current: 702/130
• CPC Class Codes: G01W 1/14 Rainfall or precipitation gauges measuring volume in general G01F

Abstract

A precipitation measuring system comprising a top thermal plate positioned to maximize exposure to falling precipitation and includes at least one ridge circumscribing the top surface for capturing precipitation. A second thermal plate is positioned under the top thermal plate to protect it from falling precipitation while still exposing it to the same atmospheric temperature and wind conditions. At least one solar radiation sensor is connected to the precipitation measuring system to measure solar radiation contacting at least one of the top and bottom thermal plates. During a precipitation event, the top and bottom thermal plates are maintained at a constant temperature and a power consumption curve for each thermal plate is quantified. The precipitation rate is measured by the difference in the power consumption curve for the top thermal plate and the power consumption curve for the bottom thermal plate.

Claims

1. A precipitation measuring system comprising:

a first sensor configured to maintain a first pair of plates at a first substantially constant temperature;

a second sensor configured to maintain a second pair of plates at a second substantially constant temperature; and

a processor configured to distinguish between a blowing precipitation event and a falling precipitation event responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

2. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are positioned at different elevations.

3. The precipitation measuring system of claim 2 wherein the processor is configured to determine a first precipitation rate responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and determine a second precipitation rate responsive to the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

4. The precipitation measuring system of claim 3 wherein the processor is configured to adjust the first substantially constant temperature responsive to the first precipitation rate and to adjust the second substantially constant temperature responsive to the second precipitation rate.

5. The precipitation measuring system of claim 2 wherein maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature indicates a first difference in power consumption between the first pair of plates, wherein maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature indicates a second difference in power consumption between the second pair of plates, and wherein the processor is configured to determine a first precipitation rate responsive to the first difference in power consumption, determine a second precipitation rate responsive to the second difference in power consumption, and distinguish between the blowing precipitation event and the falling precipitation event responsive to the first precipitation rate and the second precipitation rate.

6. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein the first sensor is configured to determine atmospheric temperature and wherein the processor is configured to determine wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature.

7. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein the second sensor is configured to determine atmospheric temperature and wherein the processor is configured to determine wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

8. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein the first sensor is configured to turn on during the precipitation event and turn off after the precipitation event.

9. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein the second sensor is configured to turn on during the precipitation event and turn off after the precipitation event.

10. The precipitation measuring system of claim 1 wherein a first one of the first pair of plates is positioned to protect a second one of the first pair of plates from precipitation and a first one of the second pair of plates is positioned to protect a second one of the second pair of plates from the precipitation.

11. A method of distinguishing between a blowing precipitation event and a falling precipitation event, the method comprising:

in a first sensor, maintaining a first pair of plates at a first substantially constant temperature;

in a second sensor, maintaining a second pair of plates at a second substantially constant temperature; and

distinguishing between the blowing precipitation event and the falling precipitation event responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising positioning the first sensor and the second sensor at different elevations.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising determining a first precipitation rate responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and determining a second precipitation rate responsive to the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising adjusting the first substantially constant temperature responsive to the first precipitation rate and adjusting the second substantially constant temperature responsive to the second precipitation rate.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature indicates a first difference in power consumption between the first pair of plates, wherein maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature indicates a second difference in power consumption between the second pair of plates, and wherein distinguishing between the blowing precipitation event and the falling precipitation event comprises determining a first precipitation rate responsive to the first difference in power consumption, determining a second precipitation rate responsive to the second difference in power consumption, and distinguishing between the blowing precipitation event and the falling precipitation event responsive to the first precipitation rate and the second precipitation rate.

16. The method of claim 11 further comprising determining atmospheric temperature and determining wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature.

17. The method of claim 11 further comprising determining atmospheric temperature and determining wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

18. The method of claim 11 further comprising, in the first sensor, turning on responsive to the precipitation event and turning off after the precipitation event.

19. The method of claim 11 further comprising, in the second sensor, turning on responsive to the precipitation event and turning off after the precipitation event.

20. The method of claim 11 wherein a first one of the first pair of plates is positioned to protect a second one of the first pair of plates from precipitation and a first one of the second pair of plates is positioned to protect a second one of the second pair of plates from the precipitation.

21. A product for a precipitation measuring system comprising a processor, a first sensor configured to maintain a first pair of plates at a first substantially constant temperature, and a second sensor configured to maintain a second pair of plates at a second substantially constant temperature, the product comprising:

processing instructions configured to direct the processor to distinguish between a blowing precipitation event and a falling precipitation event responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature; and

a storage medium configured to store the processing instructions.

22. The product of claim 21 wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are positioned at different elevations.

23. The product of claim 22 wherein the processing instructions are configured to direct the processor to determine a first precipitation rate responsive to the first sensor maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature and determine a second precipitation rate responsive to the second sensor maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.

24. The product of claim 23 wherein the processing instructions are configured to direct the processor to adjust the first substantially constant temperature responsive to the first precipitation rate and to adjust the second substantially constant temperature responsive to the second precipitation rate.

25. The product of claim 22 wherein maintaining the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature indicates a first difference in power consumption between the first pair of plates, wherein maintaining the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature indicates a second difference in power consumption between the second pair of plates, and wherein the processing instructions are configured to direct the processor to determine a first precipitation rate responsive to the first difference in power consumption, determine a second precipitation rate responsive to the second difference in power consumption, and distinguish between the blowing precipitation event and the falling precipitation event responsive to the first precipitation rate and the second precipitation rate.

26. The product of claim 21 wherein the first sensor is configured to determine atmospheric temperature and wherein the processing instructions are configured to direct the processor to determine wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the first pair of plates at the first substantially constant temperature.

27. The product of claim 21 wherein the second sensor is configured to determine atmospheric temperature and wherein the processing instructions are configured to direct the processor to determine wind speed responsive to the atmospheric temperature and maintaining one of the second pair of plates at the second substantially constant temperature.