Biopsy apparatus

• US 6,758,824 B1
• Filed: 11/06/2000
• Issued: 07/06/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Suros Surgical Systems Incorporated (Hologic Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Suros Surgical Systems Incorporated (Hologic Incorporated)
• Inventors: Butcher, Charles, Miller, Michael E., Mark, Joseph L., Hancock, John P.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARMOR II, CHARLES ALAN
• Application Number:
  US09/707,022
• Time in Patent Office: 1,338 Days
• Field of Search: 600/562, 600/564-568, 606/167, 606/170, 606/171, 606/176-180, 604/19, 604/22, 604/164.01, 604/164.11
• US Class Current: 600/568
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 10/025 for taking bone, bone marrow or cartilage samples
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 10/0283 with vacuum aspiration, e.g. caused by retractable plunger or by connected syringe A61B10/025, A61B10/0266 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/3498 Valves therefor, e.g. flapper valves, slide valves haemostasis valves A61M39/06; check valves A61M39/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2010/0208 Biopsy devices with actuators, e.g. with triggered spring mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00973 pedal-operated
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2217/005 with suction drainage system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2217/007 with irrigation system

Abstract

A tissue cutting device is provided that includes an outer cannula defining an outer lumen and a tissue-receiving opening adjacent a distal end of the outer cannula in communication with the outer lumen. An inner cannula is slidably disposed within the outer lumen and defines an inner lumen from an open distal end to an open opposite proximal end. The inner cannula includes a cutting edge at the open distal end operable to sever tissue projecting through the tissue receiving opening. A first hydraulic rotary motor is operably coupled to the inner cannula to rotate the inner cannula within the outer cannula. A second hydraulic reciprocating motor is operably coupled to the inner cannula to translate the inner cannula within the outer cannula while the inner cannula rotates. A hydraulic system provides the first and second hydraulic motors in communication with a source of pressurized fluid.

Claims

1. A tissue cutting device comprising:

an outer cannula defining an outer lumen and a tissue-receiving opening adjacent a distal end of said outer cannula communicating with said outer lumen;

an inner cannula slidably disposed within said outer lumen and defining a inner lumen from an open distal end to an open opposite proximal end, said inner cannula defining a cutting edge at said open distal end operable to sever tissue projecting through said tissue receiving opening;

a first hydraulic rotary motor operably coupled to said inner cannula to rotate said inner cannula within said outer cannula;

a second hydraulic reciprocating motor operably coupled to said inner cannula to translate said inner cannula within said outer cannula while said inner cannula rotates; and

a hydraulic system connecting said first and second hydraulic motors to a source of pressurized fluid.

2. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising a cutting board disposed at said distal end of said outer cannula.

3. The tissue cutting device of claim 2 wherein said cutting board is formed of a resilient plastic material having a hardness less than a hardness of said inner cannula at said cutting edge, but sufficient to substantially prevent permanent deformation of said cutting board under pressure from said cutting edge as said inner cannula rotates and reciprocates against said cutting board.

4. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 wherein said cutting edge is an inwardly beveled surface.

5. The tissue cutting device of claim 4 further comprising a dimple in an inner surface of said outer cannula immediately proximal to said tissue-receiving opening, said dimple sized to fit between said inner cannula and said outer cannula.

6. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising a handpiece removably engageable to said outer cannula and supporting said inner cannula, said first hydraulic rotary motor, and said second hydraulic reciprocating motor.

7. The tissue cutting device of claim 6 further comprising a collection trap removably mountable to said handpiece and in communication with said proximal end of said inner lumen.

8. The tissue cutting device of claim 7 wherein said collection trap includes a filter element disposed within said collection trap.

9. The tissue cutting device of claim 7 further comprising a vacuum source in fluid communication with said collection trap to aspirate tissue through said inner lumen into said collection trap.

10. The tissue cutting device of claim 6 further comprising a cover removably engageable to and enclosing said handpiece.

11. The tissue cutting device of claim 10 wherein said cover includes:

at least one tang projecting inwardly from an inner surface thereof; and

said handpiece defines at least one engagement notch configured for receiving a corresponding one of said at least one tang for engaging said cover to said handpiece.

12. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 wherein said outer cannula further includes a stiffening element along a length thereof for increasing a bending resistance of said outer cannula.

13. The tissue cutting device of claim 12 wherein said stiffening element includes a longitudinally extending rib defined in an outer surface of said outer cannula.

14. The tissue cutting device of claim 13 wherein said rib includes a bead adhered to a surface of said outer cannula.

15. The tissue cutting device of claim 13 wherein said rib includes a crimp in said outer cannula.

16. The tissue cutting device of claim 12 wherein said stiffening element is substantially diametrically opposite the tissue-receiving opening.

17. The tissue cutting device of claim 12 wherein said stiffening element includes a layer of rigid material bonded to a surface of said outer cannula.

18. The tissue cutting device of claim 17 wherein said material is stainless steel.

19. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising a vacuum source in fluid communication with said inner lumen at said proximal end of said inner cannula to aspirate tissue through said inner lumen.

20. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising:

an irrigation lumen in fluid communication with said outer lumen; and

a source of irrigation fluid in communication with said irrigation lumen.

21. The tissue cutting device of claim 20 wherein said source of fluid includes an anesthetic fluid.

22. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising a dimple in an inner surface of said outer cannula immediately proximal to said tissue-receiving opening, said dimple sized to fit between said inner cannula and said outer cannula.

23. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 wherein said tissue-receiving opening includes a pair of opposite sides extending longitudinally along said outer cannula, at least one of said opposite sides defining at least one tooth arranged to engage tissue drawn into said opening when said cannula is inserted into a body.

24. The tissue cutting device of claim 23 wherein at least one of said opposite sides defines a plurality of teeth, said teeth angled proximally away from said distal end of said outer cannula.

25. The tissue cutting device of claim 23 wherein each of said opposite sides defines a plurality of teeth, said teeth angle proximally away from said distal end of said outer cannula.

26. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising a trocar tip having an engagement hub configured to fit tightly within said distal end of said outer cannula.

27. The tissue cutting device of claim 26 further comprising a cutting board disposed within said outer lumen affixed to said engagement hub.

28. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 further comprising:

a tubular axle having a distal end and a proximal end; and

a coupler connecting said distal end of said tubular axle to said proximal end of said inner cannula,

wherein said first hydraulic rotary motor is coupled to said tubular axle to rotate said axle and said inner cannula therewith.

29. The tissue cutting device of claim 28 wherein said first hydraulic rotary motor includes:

a motor housing having opposite ends and defining a pilot port in fluid communication with said hydraulic system to receive said pressurized fluid;

a rotor rotatably disposed within said housing and connected to said axle extending through said housing; and

bearing surfaces at said opposite ends of said housing for rotatably supporting said axle.

30. The tissue cutting device of claim 29 wherein said second hydraulic reciprocating motor includes:

a hydraulic cylinder having a second pilot port in fluid communication with said hydraulic system to receive said pressurized fluid;

a piston slidably disposed within said cylinder; and

a hollow tube in fluid communication with said proximal end of said tubular axle,

said tube engaged to said piston and operably coupled to said first hydraulic rotary motor to move said first hydraulic rotary motor as said piston slides within said cylinder.

31. The tissue cutting device of claim 30 wherein said second hydraulic reciprocating motor further includes:

a return spring disposed within said cylinder and biased against said piston to move said piston, said housing and said inner cannula in a direction away from distal end of said outer cannula.

32. The tissue cutting device of claim 31 further comprising:

a collection trap in fluid communication with said hollow tube; and

a vacuum source in fluid communication with said collection trap to aspirate tissue through said inner lumen, said hollow axle and said tube into said collection trap.

33. The tissue cutting device of claim 1 wherein said second hydraulic reciprocating motor includes:

a hydraulic cylinder having a pilot port in fluid connection with said hydraulic system to receive said pressurized fluid;

a piston disposed within said cylinder and operably coupled to said inner cannula to move said inner cannula within said outer cannula toward said distal end of said outer cannula;

a return spring disposed within said cylinder and biased against said piston to move said piston and said inner cannula within said outer cannula in a direction away from distal end of said outer cannula.

34. The tissue cutting device of claim 1, wherein said hydraulic system includes:

a manual switch disposed between an output line and said source of pressurized fluid, said manual switch operable in a first position to connect said output line to said source, and in a second position to disconnect said output line from said source;

a first pressure actuated switch disposed between said source of pressurized fluid and said first motor, said first switch operable in response to fluid pressure in said output line to connect or disconnect said first motor to/from said source; and

a second pressure actuated switch disposed between said source of pressurized fluid and said second motor, said second switch operable in response to fluid pressure in said output line to connect or disconnect said second motor to/from said source.

35. The tissue cutting device of claim 34, wherein said hydraulic system includes a vacuum source.

36. The tissue cutting device of claim 35, wherein:

said vacuum source includes a venturi device; and

said hydraulic system includes a third pressure actuated switch disposed between said source of pressurized fluid and said venturi device, and third switch operable in response to fluid pressure in said output line to connect or disconnect said venturi device to/from said source.

37. The tissue cutting device of claim 34, wherein:

said second hydraulic motor includes a hydraulic cylinder having a piston operably coupled to said inner cannula, a hydraulic input connected to said second pressure actuated switch and a return spring disposed within said cylinder and operating on said piston against fluid pressure at said hydraulic input; and

said hydraulic system further includes an oscillating switch disposed between said output line and said second pressure actuated switch, said oscillating switch operable in response to fluid pressure in said hydraulic cylinder to connect or disconnect said hydraulic input to/from said second pressure actuated switch.