VCC adaptive dynamically variable frequency clock system for high performance low power microprocessors

• US 6,762,629 B2
• Filed: 07/26/2002
• Issued: 07/13/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 07/26/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. (Xiaomi Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Tam, Simon M., Rusu, Stefan
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, MINH T
• Application Number:
  US10/206,610
• Publication Number:
  US 20040017234A1
• Time in Patent Office: 718 Days
• Field of Search: 327/165, 327/101, 327/355, 327/361, 327/512, 327/513, 327/83, 327/538, 327/20, 327/114, 702/99, 702/104, 713/130, 713/321-324, 713/300
• US Class Current: 327/114
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/08 Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3203 Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/324 by lowering clock frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3296 by lowering the supply or operating voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0805 the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/081 provided with an additional controlled phase shifter H03L7/0998 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/22 using more than one loop
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for dynamically varying a clock frequency in a processor to adapt to VCC voltage changes. The method of one embodiment includes sampling a supply voltage at a plurality of locations. The values of said supply voltage are communicated to a clock generator. A clock frequency of a clock signal generated from the clock generator is adjusted in response to an evaluation of the sampled values of the supply voltage.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a first voltage sensor to sense a first value of a supply voltage at a first location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said first voltage sensor, said first voltage sensor to provide a first output signal encoded with said first value;

a second voltage sensor to sense a second value of said supply voltage at a second location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said second voltage sensor, said second voltage sensor to provide a second output signal encoded with said second value;

a frequency adjustment circuit coupled to said first voltage sensor and to said second voltage sensor, said frequency adjustment circuit to evaluate said first output signal and said second output signal and to output a frequency adjustment signal based on a result of said evaluation, said result to indicate a lowest value for said supply voltage; and

a clock generator coupled to said adjustment circuit, said clock generator to receive said frequency adjustment signal and to generate a variable frequency clock signal, said variable frequency clock signal to have a clock frequency sufficiently low to avoid timing errors at said lowest value for said supply voltage.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said second voltage sensor is a reference voltage sensor located proximate to said clock generator, said reference voltage sensor to detect a value of said supply voltage coupled to said clock generator.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said first value of said supply voltage is encoded as a first frequency of said first output signal and said second value of said supply voltage is encoded as a second frequency of said second output signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said frequency adjustment circuit further comprises:

a first counter to receive said first output signal, said first counter to decode said first output signal and to provide a first pulse, said first pulse to have a first pulse width corresponding to said first value of said supply voltage;

a second counter to receive said second output signal, said second counter to decode said second output signal and to provide a second pulse, said second pulse to have a second pulse width corresponding to said second value of said supply voltage; and

a comparator circuit coupled to said first counter and to said second counter, said comparator circuit to output said frequency adjustment signal based on said first pulse width and said second pulse width, wherein said first pulse is to control a discharge rate to said frequency adjustment signal and said second pulse is to control a charge up rate to said frequency adjustment signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said first pulse width is wider than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is less than said second value of said supply voltage, and said first pulse width is narrower than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is greater than said second voltage value of said supply voltage.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a third voltage sensor to sense a third value of said supply voltage at a third location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said third voltage sensor, said third sensor to provide a third output signal encoded with said third value.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said frequency adjustment circuit further comprises:

a third counter to receive said third output signal, said third counter to decode said third output signal and to provide a third pulse, said third pulse to have a third pulse width corresponding to said third value of said supply voltage; and

a logic OR gate coupled to said first counter and to said third counter;

said OR gate to OR together said first pulse and sand third pulse to produce a collective pulse, said collective pulse coupled to said comparator circuit to control said discharge rate to said frequency adjustment signal.

8. A method comprising:

sampling a supply voltage at a plurality of locations;

communicating values of said supply voltage to a clock generator; and

adjusting a clock frequency of a clock signal generated from said clock generator in response to an evaluation of said sampled values of said supply voltage.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said sampling further comprises sensing said supply voltage with an oscillator type sensor at each of said plurality of locations, said sensor to provide an output signal encoded with a value of said supply voltage as a frequency of said output signal.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said communicating further comprises generating from each of said plurality of locations said frequency encoded output signal.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising buffering said frequency encoded output signals to maintain signal strength without altering frequency of said frequency encoded output signals.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising processing each of said frequency encoded output signals, wherein said processing comprises decoding each frequency encoded output signal into a pulse with a pulse width representative of said local value of said supply voltage.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising evaluating pulses decoded from said frequency encoded output signals to determine a lowest supply voltage value, said evaluating comprising OR-ing together said pulses to find a longest length pulse, as a wider pulse width indicates a lower supply voltage value.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising generating a frequency adjustment signal based on lowest supply voltage value to adjust said clock frequency of said clock signal.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said clock signal is to tuned to achieve an operating point matching said lowest supply voltage value.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said adjusting said clock frequency is made dynamically without halting or pausing said clock signal.

17. A processor comprising:

a processor core;

a first voltage sensor to sense a first value of a supply voltage at a first logic block in said processor core, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said first voltage sensor, said first voltage sensor to provide a first output signal encoded with said first value;

a reference voltage sensor to sense a second value of said supply voltage at a reference location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said reference voltage sensor, said reference voltage sensor to provide a second output signal encoded with said second value;

a clock generator coupled to said processor core, said clock generator to receive said first output signal and said second output signal, said clock generator to generate a variable frequency clock signal to said processor core based on said it value of said supply voltage and said second value of said supply voltage.

18. The processor of claim 17 wherein said clock generator further comprises a frequency adjustment circuit coupled to said first voltage sensor and to said reference voltage sensor, said frequency adjustment circuit to evaluate said first output signal and said second output signal and to output a frequency adjustment signal based on a result of scud evaluation, said result to indicate a lowest value for said supply voltage.

19. The processor of claim 18 wherein said frequency adjustment circuit further comprises:

a first counter to receive said first output signal, said first counter to decode said first output signal and to provide a first pulse said first pulse to have a first pulse width corresponding to said first value of said supply voltage;

a second counter to receive said second output signal said second counter to decode said second output signal and to provide a second pulse, said second pulse to have a second pulse width corresponding to said second value of said supply voltage; and

a comparator circuit coupled to said first counter and to said second counter, said comparator circuit to output said frequency adjustment signal based on said first pulse width and said second pulse width, wherein said first pulse is to control a discharge rate to said frequency adjustment signal and said second pulse is to control a charge up rate to said frequency adjustment signal.

20. The processor of claim 19 wherein said first value of said supply voltage is encoded as a first frequency of said first output signal and said second value of said supply voltage is encoded as a second frequency of said second output signal.

21. The processor of claim 20 wherein said first pulse width is wider than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is less than said second value of said supply voltage, and said first pulse width is lower than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is greater than said second voltage value of said supply voltage.

22. The processor of claim 21 wherein said clock generator further comprises a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate said variable frequency clock signal, said frequency adjustment signal coupled to said VCO to dynamically adjust a clock frequency of said variable frequency clock signal in order to adapt said clock frequency to a lowest value of said supply voltage.

23. The processor of claim 22 further comprising:

a third voltage sensor to sense a third value of said supply voltage at a third location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said third voltage sensor, said third voltage sensor to provide a third output signal encoded with said third value; and

said frequency adjustment circuit further comprising;

a third counter to receive said third output signal, said third counter to decode said third output signal and to provide a third pulse, said third pulse to have a third pulse width according to said third value of said supply voltage; and

a logic OR gate coupled to said first counter and to said third counter, said logic OR gate to OR together said first pulse and said third pulse to produce a collective pulse, said collective pulse coupled to said comparator circuit to control said discharge rate to said frequency adjustment signal.

24. A system comprising:

a memory coupled to a bus;

a processor coupled to said bus said processor comprising;

a processor core; and

a clock system comprising;

a first voltage sensor to sense a first value of a supply voltage at a first location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said first voltage sensor, said first voltage sensor to provide a first output signal encoded with said first value;

a second voltage sensor to sense a second value of said supply voltage at a second location, said supply voltage to power circuitry local to said second voltage sensor, said second voltage senor to provide a second output signal encoded with said second value;

a frequency adjustment circuit coupled to said first sensor and to said second sensor, said frequency adjustment circuit to evaluate said first output signal and said second output signal and to output a frequency adjustment signal based on a result of said evaluation, said result to indicate a lowest value for said supply voltage; and

a clock generator coupled to said frequency adjustment circuit, said clock generator to receive said frequency adjustment signal and to generate a variable frequency clock signal to said processor core, said variable frequency clock signal to have a clock frequency sufficiently low to avoid timing errors in said processor core at said lowest value for said supply voltage.

25. The system of claim 24 wherein said second voltage sensor is a reference voltage sensor located proximate to said clock generator, said reference voltage sensor to detect a value of said supply voltage coupled to said clock generator.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein said first value of said supply voltage is encoded as a first frequency of said first output signal and said second value of said supply voltage is encoded as a second frequency of said second output signal.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein said frequency adjustment circuit further comprises:

a first counter to receive said first output signal, said first counter to decode said first output signal and to provide a first pulse, said first pulse to have a first pulse width corresponding to said first value of said supply voltage;

a second counter to receive said second output dial said second counter to decode said second output signal and to provide a second pulse, said second pulse to have a second pulse width corresponding to said second value of said supply voltage; and

a comparator circuit coupled to said first counter and to said second counter, said comparator circuit to output said frequency adjustment signal based on said first pulse width and said second pulse width, wherein said first pulse is to control a discharge rate to said frequency adjustment signal and said second pulse is to control a charge up rate to said frequency adjustment signal.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein said first pulse width is wider than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is less than said second value of said supply voltage, and said first pulse width is narrower than said second pulse width when said first value of said supply voltage is greater than said second voltage value of said supply voltage.

29. An apparatus comprising:

a first voltage sensor to sense a first value of a supply voltage at a first location on a die;

a first analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to receive a first voltage reading from said first voltage sensor, said fist A/D converter to convert said first voltage reading from an analog value to an coded numerical value;

a frequency adjustment circuit coupled to said first voltage sensor, said frequency adjustment circuit to evaluate said encoded numerical value in relation with a reference and to output a frequency adjustment signal based on a result of said evaluation, said result to indicate a lowest value for said supply voltage;

a clock generator coupled to said frequency adjustment circuit, said clock generator to receive said frequency adjustment signal and to generate a variable frequency clock signal, said variable frequency clock signal to have a clock frequency sufficiently low to avoid timing errors at said lowest value for said supply voltage; and

a second voltage sensor located proximate to said clock generator, said second voltage sensor to sense a reference value of said supply voltage.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 further comprising a second A/D converter coupled to receive a second voltage reading from said second voltage sensor, said second A/D converter to convert said second voltage reading from an analog reference value to an encoded numerical reference value, and said encoded numerical reference value to be provided to said frequency adjustment circuit as said reference.