Frequency agile telemetry system for implantable medical device

• US 6,763,269 B2
• Filed: 11/02/2001
• Issued: 07/13/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Pacesetter Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Pacesetter Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Cox, Timothy J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno, Carl
• Application Number:
  US10/001,225
• Publication Number:
  US 20030088295A1
• Time in Patent Office: 984 Days
• Field of Search: 607/30-32, 607/60, 607/55, 607/57, 128/903
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37282 characterised by communication with experts in remote locations using a network
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/30 relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/67 for remote operation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/92 Computer assisted medical diagnostics

Abstract

A system enables high-frequency communication between an external communication device and one or more implantable medical devices. The system implements a communication protocol in which the external communication device interrogates any implantable medical devices within range to establish one-to-one communication links for purposes of exchanging data and/or programming the medical devices.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

interrogating an implantable medical device using a first frequency;

responding to the interrogating using a second frequency; and

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device;

wherein the interrogating comprises transmitting an interrogation signal and waiting a predefined time interval for a reply.

2. A method comprising:

interrogating an implantable medical device using a first frequency;

responding to the interrogating using a second frequency; and

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device;

wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies, and the interrogating comprises transmitting interrogation signals on multiple frequencies in the first set of frequencies.

3. A method comprising:

interrogating an implantable medical device using a first frequency;

responding to the interrogating using a second frequency; and

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device;

wherein the responding comprises transmitting a reply signal after a random time delay.

4. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, and the responding comprises transmitting a reply signal from the implantable medical device on at least one of the second set of frequencies.

5. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies and the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, the first set and the second set at least partially overlapping.

6. A method comprising:

interrogating an implantable medical device using a first frequency;

responding to the interrogating using a second frequency; and

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device;

wherein the switching comprises transmitting a command to the implantable medical device, the command directing the implantable medical device to transition to the third frequency.

7. A method as recited in claim 6, further comprising channel hopping from the third frequency to another frequency.

8. A method comprising:

interrogating an implantable medical device using a first frequency;

responding to the interrogating using a second frequency; and

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device; and

channel hopping among frequencies more than once during communication of information.

9. A method comprising:

transmitting, on a first frequency, an interrogation signal directed to an implantable medical device;

monitoring, on a second frequency, for a reply to the interrogation signal from the implantable medical device; and

assigning a third frequency for continuing communication with the implantable medical device.

10. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the first, second, and third frequencies are within a radio frequency band.

11. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies, and the transmitting comprises transmitting the interrogation signal on multiple frequencies in the first set of frequencies.

12. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, and the monitoring comprises monitoring the second set of frequencies for a reply from the implantable medical device.

13. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies and the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, the first set and the second set at least partially overlapping.

14. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the monitoring comprises listening for the reply during a response time interval initiated upon transmission of the interrogation signal.

15. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising transmitting a command to the implantable medical device to tune to the third frequency.

16. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising recording assignment of the third frequency to the implantable medical device.

17. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising channel hopping from the third frequency to another frequency.

18. A method as recited in claim 17, further comprising channel hopping among frequencies more than once during communication of information.

19. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the interrogation signal is transmitted to multiple implantable medical devices, further comprising:

monitoring, on one or more second frequencies, for any replies to the interrogation signal from one or more of the multiple implantable medical devices; and

assigning different frequencies to ones of the implantable medical devices that reply, the different frequencies being used to facilitate continuing communication with the implantable medical devices.

20. A method comprising:

transmitting an interrogation signal on one or more frequencies within a first set of frequencies, the interrogation signal inviting communication with one or more implantable medical devices;

monitoring, on one or more frequencies in a second set of frequencies and within a response time interval, for a reply to the interrogation signal from one or more of the implantable medical devices;

in an event that the response time interval lapses before receipt of the reply, retransmitting the interrogation signal; and

upon receipt of one or more replies from one or more implantable medical devices, assigning separate communication channels to the one or more implantable medical devices.

21. A method as recited in claim 20, wherein the first set of frequencies and the second set of frequencies at least partially overlap.

22. A method as recited in claim 20, further comprising recording assignment of the communication channels in association with identities of the implantable medical devices.

23. A method for operating an implantable medical device, comprising:

listening on a first frequency for an interrogation signal;

in response to receiving the interrogation signal, transmitting a reply at a second frequency;

switching to a third frequency for continuing communication; and

delaying for a random time period before said transmitting of the reply.

24. A method as recited in claim 23, wherein the first, second, and third frequencies are within a radio frequency band.

25. A method as recited in claim 23, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies and the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, the first set and the second set at least partially overlapping.

26. A method as recited in claim 23, further comprising channel hopping from the third frequency to another frequency.

27. A method as recited in claim 26, further comprising channel hopping among frequencies more than once during communication of information.

28. A method comprising:

transmitting, from an external device to one or more implantable medical devices, an interrogation signal on one or more frequencies within a first set of frequencies, the interrogation signal inviting communication with the one or more implantable medical devices;

upon receiving the interrogation signal at a particular implantable medical device, delaying a random time delay and then transmitting a reply from the particular implantable medical device to the external device on a second frequency within a second set of frequencies, the reply identifying the particular second implantable medical device;

monitoring, at the external device, the second set of frequencies to detect the reply from the particular implantable medical device;

upon receipt of the reply, assigning a communication channel to the particular implantable medical device; and

commanding the implantable medical device to change to the communication channel in order to facilitate communication between the external device and the particular implantable medical device.

29. A method as recited in claim 28, wherein the monitoring is performed for a response time interval following transmission of the interrogation signal.

30. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein the random time delay is less than the response time interval.

31. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein, in an event that the response time interval lapses before receipt of the reply, retransmitting the interrogation signal on the one or more frequencies within the first set of frequencies.

32. A method as recited in claim 28, further comprising upon receipt of another reply from another implantable medical device, assigning a different communication channel to the other implantable medical device.

33. A method as recited in claim 28, further comprising channel hopping to another communication channel for further communication between the external device and the particular implantable medical device.

34. A method as recited in claim 33, further comprising channel hopping among frequencies more than once during communication of information.

35. An implantable medical device comprising:

circuitry to monitor and/or administer therapy to a patient; and

a high-frequency transceiver configured to listen on a first frequency for an interrogation signal and to transmit on a second frequency a reply to the interrogation signal;

wherein the transceiver transmits the reply after delaying for a random time period.

36. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 35, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies and the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, the first set and the second set at least partially overlapping.

37. An implantable medical device comprising:

circuitry to monitor and/or administer therapy to a patient; and

a high-frequency transceiver configured to listen on a first frequency for an interrogation signal and to transmit on a second frequency a reply to the interrogation signal;

wherein the transceiver is tunable, and further comprising a tuner to tune the transceiver to the first and second frequencies.

38. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 37, wherein the tuner is configured to tune the transceiver to a third frequency to facilitate continuing communication.

39. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 37, wherein the tuner is configured to tune the transceiver to hop among multiple frequencies more than once during communication of information.

40. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 37, wherein the circuitry is cardiac therapy circuitry to monitor and/or administer cardiac therapy.

41. A network system comprising:

an implantable medical device comprising;

circuitry to monitor and/or administer therapy to a patient; and

a high-frequency transceiver configured to a listen on a first frequency for an interrogation signal and to transmit on a second frequency a reply to the interrogation signal; and

a computing network to link one or more computing systems to the implantable medical device.

42. An implantable medical device comprising:

circuitry to monitor and/or administer therapy to a patient;

a transceiver to enable high-frequency communication, the transceiver being configured to listen at a first frequency for an interrogation signal that invites communication with an external device and to transmit a reply to the interrogation signal at a second frequency; and

a casing to house the circuitry and the transceiver in separate chambers to isolate the high-frequency communication from interfering with the circuitry.

43. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 42, wherein the first frequency is selected from a first set of frequencies and the second frequency is selected from a second set of frequencies, the first set and the second set at least partially overlapping.

44. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 42, wherein the transceiver, upon receiving the interrogation signal, transmits the reply after delaying for a random time period.

45. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 42, wherein the transceiver is configured to tune to a third frequency to facilitate continuing communication with the external device.

46. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 42, wherein the transceiver is configured to hop among multiple frequencies more than once during communication of information.

47. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 42, wherein the circuitry is cardiac therapy circuitry to monitor and/or administer cardiac therapy.

48. A network system comprising:

an implantable medical device comprising;

circuitry to monitor and/or administer therapy to a patient;

a transceiver to enable high-frequency communication, the transceiver being configured to listen at a first frequency for an interrogation signal that invites communication with an external device and to transmit a reply to the interrogation signal at a second frequency; and

a casing to house the circuitry and the transceiver in separate chambers to isolate the high-frequency communication from interfering with the circuitry; and

a computing network to link one or more computing systems to the implantable medical device.

49. An implantable medical device, comprising:

medical means for performing medicinal-related operations; and

communication means for listening at a first high frequency for an interrogation signal and in response to receiving the interrogation signal, transmitting a reply at a second high frequency;

wherein the communication means is further configured to hop to multiple other frequencies during communication of information.

50. An implantable medical device as recited in claim 49, wherein the communication means transmits the reply after a random time delay.

51. An implantable medical device, comprising:

medical means for performing medicinal-related operations; and

communication means for listening at a first high frequency for an interrogation signal and in response to receiving the interrogation signal, transmitting a reply at a second high frequency; and

casing means for holding the medical means and the communication means in frequency isolation from one another so that high-frequency signals from the communication means do not interfere with the medical means.

52. A cardiac network system comprising:

an implantable medical device comprising;

medical means for performing medicinal-related operations; and

communication means for listening at a first high frequency for an interrogation signal and in response to receiving the interrogation signal, transmitting a reply at a second high frequency; and

a computing network to link one or more computing systems to the implantable medical device.

53. An external communication device for communicating with an implantable medical device, comprising:

a transceiver to enable high-frequency communication with the implantable medical device;

an interrogation unit to direct the transceiver to transmit an interrogation signal at a first frequency in an effort to establish a communication link with the implantable medical device; and

the interrogation unit further directing the transceiver to listen at a second frequency for a reply from the implantable medical device.

54. An external communication device as recited in claim 53, wherein the interrogation unit directs the transceiver to transmit the interrogation signal at multiple frequencies within a first set of frequencies.

55. An external communication device as recited in claim 53, wherein the interrogation unit directs the transceiver to listen at multiple frequencies within a second set of frequencies.

56. An external communication device as recited in claim 53, wherein the unit assigns a third frequency to continue communication with the implantable medical device.

57. An external communication device as recited in claim 56, further comprising an assigned frequency log to track which third frequencies are assigned to which implantable medical devices.

58. An external communication device as recited in claim 56, wherein the unit hops among multiple frequencies during communication of information.

59. An external communication device for communicating with an implantable medical device, comprising:

transmission means for transmitting, on a first high frequency, an interrogation signal directed to an implantable medical device; and

monitoring means for monitoring, on a second high frequency, for a reply to the interrogation signal from the implantable medical device;

wherein the transmission means transmits the interrogation signal on multiple frequencies within a first set of high frequencies.

60. An external communication device for communicating with an implantable medical device, comprising:

transmission means for transmitting, on a first high frequency, an interrogation signal directed to an implantable medical device; and

monitoring means for monitoring, on a second high frequency, for a reply to the interrogation signal from the implantable medical device;

wherein the monitoring means monitors the interrogation signal on multiple frequencies within a second set of high frequencies.

61. An external communication device for communicating with an implantable medical device, comprising:

transmission means for transmitting, on a first high frequency, an interrogation signal directed to an implantable medical device;

monitoring means for monitoring, on a second high frequency, for a reply to the interrogation signal from the implantable medical device; and

channel designating means for assigning a third high frequency to the implantable medical device to facilitate continuing communication with the implantable medical device.

62. An external communication device for communicating with an implantable medical device, comprising:

transmission means for transmitting, on a first high frequency, an interrogation signal directed to an implantable medical device;

monitoring means for monitoring, on a second high frequency, for a reply to the interrogation signal from the implantable medical device; and

channel hopping means for hopping among multiple channels during communication of information.

63. A system comprising:

at least one implantable medical device equipped with a high-frequency transceiver; and

an external communication device to communicate with the implantable medical device via high-frequency signals;

the external communication device being configured to transmit an interrogation signal on one or more first frequencies within a first set of high frequencies;

the implantable medical device being configured to listen for the interrogation signal and upon receipt, to transmit a reply on a second frequency selected from a second set of high frequencies; and

the external communication device being further configured to monitor the second set of high frequencies for the reply.

64. A system as recited in claim 63, wherein the implantable medical device comprises an implantable cardiac therapy device.

65. A system as recited in claim 63, wherein the external communication device comprises a programmer that is capable of programming the implantable medical device.

66. A system as recited in claim 63, wherein the implantable medical device delays a random time period following receipt of the interrogation signal before transmitting the reply.

67. A system as recited in claim 63, wherein the external communication device is configured to assign a third frequency to the implantable medical device to facilitate continuing communication with the implantable medical device.

68. A network system comprising:

at least one implantable medical device equipped with a high-frequency transceiver; and

a computing network linking one or more computing systems that process data received from the implantable medical device; and

a high-frequency communication device to interface the implantable medical device with the computing network, the communication device being configured to transmit an interrogation signal on one or more first frequencies within a first set of high frequencies and to monitor a second set of high frequencies for a reply from the implantable medical device indicating receipt of the interrogation signal;

wherein the first and second set of high frequencies at least partially overlap.

69. A network system comprising:

at least one implantable medical device equipped with a high-frequency transceiver; and

a computing network linking one or more computing systems that process data received from the implantable medical device; and

a high-frequency communication device to interface the implantable medical device with the computing network, the communication device being configured to transmit an interrogation signal on one or more first frequencies within a first set of high frequencies and to monitor a second set of high frequencies for a reply from the implantable medical device indicating receipt of the interrogation signal;

wherein the communication device is configured to assign a third frequency to the implantable medical device to facilitate continuing communication with the implantable medical device.