Intra-serum and intra-gel for modeling human skin tissue
First Claim
1. A human tissue surrogate material, comprising:
- an emulsion comprising oil in water, and further comprising at least one emulsifying agent;
said emulsion further comprising glucose;
wherein particle size distribution of said emulsion has two widely separated peaks, a first of said peaks being at approximately 3.0 μ
m and a second of said peaks being at approximately 0.4 μ
m; and
wherein said emulsion has optical characteristics that model optical characteristics of human skin tissue.
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Abstract
The invention provides a class of samples that model the human body. This family of samples is based upon emulsions of oil in water with lecithin acting as the emulsifier. These solutions that have varying particle sizes may be spiked with basis set components (albumin, urea and glucose) to simulate skin tissues further. The family of samples is such that other organic compounds such as collagen, elastin, globulin and bilirubin may be added, as can salts such as Na+, K+and Cl−. Layers of varying thickness with known index of refraction and particle size distributions may be generated using simple crosslinking reagents, such as collagen (gelatin). The resulting samples are flexible in each analyte'"'"'s concentration and match the skin layers of the body in terms of the samples reduced scattering and absorption coefficients, μ'"'"'s and μa. This family of samples is provided for use in the medical field where lasers and spectroscopy based analyzers are used in treatment of the body. In particular, knowledge may be gained on net analyte signal, photon depth of penetration, photon radial diffusion, photon interaction between tissue layers, photon density (all as a function of frequency) and on instrument parameter specifications such as resolution and required dynamic range (A/D bits required). In particular, applications to delineate such parameters have been developed for the application of noninvasive glucose determination in the near-IR region from 700 to 2500 nm with an emphasis on the region 1000 to 2500 nm (10,000 to 4,000 cm−1).
64 Citations
15 Claims
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1. A human tissue surrogate material, comprising:
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an emulsion comprising oil in water, and further comprising at least one emulsifying agent;
said emulsion further comprising glucose;
wherein particle size distribution of said emulsion has two widely separated peaks, a first of said peaks being at approximately 3.0 μ
m and a second of said peaks being at approximately 0.4 μ
m; and
wherein said emulsion has optical characteristics that model optical characteristics of human skin tissue. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
albumin having a concentration of 0 to 6000 mg/dL;
globulin having a concentration of 0 to 2500 mg/dL; and
urea having a concentration of 0 to 200 mg/dL.
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11. The human tissue surrogate of claim 10, wherein said emulsion comprises approximately 1.5 to 15% of said tissue surrogate.
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12. The human tissue surrogate of claim 11, wherein said emulsion comprises approximately 2 to 4% of said tissue surrogate.
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13. The human tissue surrogate of claim 1, wherein said emulsifying agent comprises phosphatidylcholine.
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14. A human tissue surrogate material, comprising:
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an emulsion comprising oil in water, and further comprising at least one emulsifying agent;
said emulsion further comprising glucose and protein;
wherein particle size distribution of said emulsion has two widely separated peaks, a first of said peaks being at approximately 3.0 μ
m, and a second of said peaks being at approximately 0.4 μ
m; and
wherein said emulsion has optical characteristics that model optical characteristics of human skin tissue.
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15. A human tissue surrogate material, comprising:
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an emulsion comprising oil in water, and further comprising at least on emulsifying agent;
said emulsion further comprising glucose and Na30;
wherein particle size distribution of said emulsion has two widely separated peaks, a first of said peaks being at approximately 3.0 μ
m, and a second of said peaks being at approximately 0.4 μ
m; and
wherein said emulsion has optical characteristics that model optical characteristics of human skin tissue.
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Specification