Method and apparatus for applying codes having pre-defined properties

• US 6,788,730 B1
• Filed: 08/15/2000
• Issued: 09/07/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/12/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Humatics Corporation
• Original Assignee: Time Domain Corporation (Humatics Corporation)
• Inventors: Richards, James L., Fullerton, Larry W., Roberts, Mark D., Pendergrass, Marcus H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Khai
• Application Number:
  US09/638,046
• Time in Patent Office: 1,484 Days
• Field of Search: 375/138, 375/139, 375/145, 375/150, 375/237, 375/238, 375/239, 375/242, 375/247, 370/342, 370/441, 370/515, 370/395, 370/320
• US Class Current: 375/138
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7176 Data mapping, e.g. modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/6908 using time hopping
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0074 Code shifting or hopping
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/10 Code generation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4902 Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation

Abstract

A method for specifying pulse characteristics applies codes having pre-defined characteristics to a layout. The layout can be sequentially subdivided into at least first and second components that have the same or different sizes. The method applies a first code having first pre-defined properties to the first component and a second code having second pre-defined properties to the second component. The pre-defined properties may relate to the auto-correlation property, the cross-correlation property, and spectral properties, as examples. The codes can be used to specify subcomponents within a frame, and characteristic values (range-based, or discrete) within the subcomponents.

Claims

1. A method of coding pulse characteristics, comprising the steps of:

specifying pulse characteristics in accordance with a layout subdivided into at least a first component and a second component;

applying a first code having first pre-defined properties in relation to said first component; and

applying a second code having second pre-defined properties in relation to said second component, wherein a pulse characteristic is at least one of;

a temporal pulse characteristic; and

a non-temporal pulse characteristic.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said one or more components are any one of:

a same size; and

a different size,

in relation to one another.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said layout is sequentially subdivided into at least a first component and a second component.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said first and second subdivision components are any one of:

a same size; and

a different size,

in relation to one another.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first pre-defined properties relate to a correlation property of the pulses.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said correlation property is an auto-correlation property of the pulses.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein said correlation property is a cross-correlation property.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to a different correlation property.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said different correlation property is an auto-correlation property.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein said different correlation property is a cross-correlation property.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to a spectral property.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said first pre-defined properties relate to a spectral property, and wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to at least one of said spectral property and a different spectral property.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein said first code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable autocorrelation properties.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Welch-Costas Array code generation technique;

a Golomb-Costas Array code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said second code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable cross-correlation properties.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Quadratic Congruential code generation technique;

a Linear Congruential code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and said second codes is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable spectral properties.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

linear congruential pseudorandom number generator technique;

additive lagged-Fibonacci pseudorandom number generator technique;

linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

lagged-Fibonacci shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

chaotic code pseudorandom number generator technique; and

optimal Golomb ruler code pseudorandom number generator technique.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein said first code specifies a partition within a value range layout, and

wherein said second code specifies a range value within said partition.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said partition is any one of:

a frame;

a subcomponent of a frame; and

any smaller component of a subcomponent of a frame.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein said first code specifies a partition within a value range layout, and

wherein said second code specifies a discrete value within said partition.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said partition is any one of:

a frame;

a subcomponent of a frame; and

any smaller component of a subcomponent of a frame.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein said first code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable correlation properties.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Welch-Costas code generation technique;

a Golomb-Costas code generation technique;

a Quadratic Congruential code generation technique;

a Linear Congruential code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein said second code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable spectral properties.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

linear congruential pseudorandom number generator technique;

additive lagged-Fibonacci pseudorandom number generator technique;

linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

lagged-Fibonacci shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

chaotic code pseudorandom number generator technique; and

optimal Golomb ruler code pseudorandom number generator technique.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein said first code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated until an event occurs, whereupon said second code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first code is any one of:

a Welch-Costas code;

a Golomb-Costas code; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the said event is signal acquisition.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the second code is any one of:

a Quadratic Congruential code;

a Linear Congruential code; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein a combination comprising said first code specifying pulse characteristics and said second code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein said temporal pulse characteristic is a position in time.

33. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse amplitude.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse width.

35. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse polarity.

36. The method according to claim 35, wherein said pulse polarity indicates whether said pulse is inverted.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse type.

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein said pulse type indicates whether said pulse is any one of:

a square wave pulse;

a sawtooth pulse;

a Haar wavelet pulse;

a Gaussian monopulse;

a doublet pulse;

a triplet pulse; and

a set of wavelets.

39. An impulse transmission system comprising:

an Ultra Wideband Transmitter;

an Ultra Wideband Receiver; and

said Ultra Wideband Transmitter and said Ultra Wideband Receiver employ at least a first and second code, wherein said first and second codes specify pulse characteristics in accordance with a layout subdivided into at least a first and second component, said first code having first pre-defined properties is applied to said first component, and said second code having second pre-defined properties is applied to said second component, wherein a pulse characteristic is a at least one of;

a temporal pulse characteristic; and

a non-temporal pulse characteristic.

40. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said one or more components are any one of:

a same size; and

a different size,

in relation to one another.

41. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said layout is sequentially subdivided into at least a first component and a second component.

42. The impulse transmission system of claim 41, wherein said first and second subdivision components are any one of:

a same size; and

a different size,

in relation to one another.

43. The impulse transmission system of claim 40, wherein said first pre-defined properties relate to a correlation property of the pulses.

44. The impulse transmission system of claim 43, wherein said correlation property is an auto-correlation property of the pulses.

45. The impulse transmission system of claim 43, wherein said correlation property is a cross-correlation property.

46. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to a different correlation property.

47. The impulse transmission system of claim 46, wherein said different correlation property is an auto-correlation property.

48. The impulse transmission system of claim 46, wherein said different correlation property is a cross-correlation property.

49. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to a spectral property.

50. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said first pre-defined properties relate to a spectral property, and wherein said second pre-defined properties relate to at least one of said spectral property and a different spectral property.

51. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said first code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable autocorrelation properties.

52. The impulse transmission system of claim 51, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Welch-Costas Array code generation technique;

a Golomb-Costas Array code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

53. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said second code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable cross-correlation properties.

54. The impulse transmission system of claim 53, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Quadratic Congruential code generation technique;

a Linear Congruential code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

55. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein at least one of said first and said second codes is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable spectral properties.

56. The impulse transmission system of claim 55, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

linear congruential pseudorandom number generator technique;

additive lagged-Fibonacci pseudorandom number generator technique;

linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

lagged-Fibonacci shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

chaotic code pseudorandom number generator technique; and

optimal Golomb ruler code pseudorandom number generator technique.

57. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said first code specifies a partition within a value range layout, and

wherein said second code specifies a range value within said partition.

58. The impulse transmission system of claim 57, wherein said partition is any one of:

a frame;

a subcomponent of a frame; and

any smaller component of a subcomponent of a frame.

59. The impulse transmission system of claim 40, wherein said first code specifies a partition within a value range layout, and

wherein said second code specifies a discrete value within said partition.

60. The impulse transmission system of claim 59, wherein said partition is any one of:

a frame;

a subcomponent of a frame; and

any smaller component of a subcomponent of a frame.

61. The impulse transmission system of claim 59, wherein said first code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable correlation properties.

62. The impulse transmission system of claim 61, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

a Welch-Costas code generation technique;

a Golomb-Costas code generation technique;

a Quadratic Congruential code generation technique;

a Linear Congruential code generation technique; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code generation technique.

63. The impulse transmission system of claim 59, wherein said second code is generated using a numerical code generation technique with desirable spectral properties.

64. The impulse transmission system of claim 63, wherein said numerical code generation technique comprises at least one of:

linear congruential pseudorandom number generator technique;

additive lagged-Fibonacci pseudorandom number generator technique;

linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

lagged-Fibonacci shift register pseudorandom number generator technique;

chaotic code pseudorandom number generator technique; and

optimal Golomb ruler code pseudorandom number generator technique.

65. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said first code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated until an event occurs, whereupon said second code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated.

66. The impulse transmission system of claim 65, wherein the first code is any one of:

a Welch-Costas code;

a Golomb-Costas code; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code.

67. The impulse transmission system of claim 65, wherein the said event is signal acquisition.

68. The impulse transmission system of claim 65, wherein the second code is any one of:

a Quadratic Congruential code;

a Linear Congruential code; and

a Hyperbolic Congruential code.

69. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein a combination comprising said first code specifying pulse characteristics and said second code specifying pulse characteristics is repeated.

70. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said temporal pulse characteristic is a position in time.

71. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse amplitude.

72. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse width.

73. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse polarity.

74. The impulse transmission system according to claim 73, wherein said pulse polarity indicates whether said pulse is inverted.

75. The impulse transmission system of claim 39, wherein said non-temporal pulse characteristic is a pulse type.

76. The impulse transmission system according to claim 74, wherein said pulse type indicates whether said pulse is any one of:

a square wave pulse;

a sawtooth pulse;

a Haar wavelet pulse;

a Gaussian monopulse;

a doublet pulse;

a triplet pulse; and

a set of wavelets.