Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same

• US 6,794,060 B2
• Filed: 01/17/2003
• Issued: 09/21/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Revere Copper Products, Inc.
• Original Assignee: The Louis Berkman Company
• Inventors: Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, Hesske, Nicholas R., Carey, Jay F. II
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, John J.
• Application Number:
  US10/346,412
• Publication Number:
  US 20030175547A1
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 428/646, 428/647, 428/648, 428/939, 428/679, 220/562, 220/567.2, 206/524.3
• US Class Current: 428/646
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 2/06 Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 2/08 Tin or alloys based thereon
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 2/28 Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 2/29 Cooling or quenching
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/939 Molten or fused coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12708 Sn-base component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12715 Next to Group IB metal-base component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12722 Next to Group VIII metal-base component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12799 Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Abstract

A corrosion-resistant coated brass metal coated with a corrosion resistant alloy. The corrosion resistant alloy is a tin metal alloy or a tin and zinc metal alloy. The corrosion resistant metal alloy may also include one or more metal additives to improve the coating process and/or to alter the properties of the tin and zinc metal alloy.

Claims

1. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal to maintain fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said seal including a weld, a solder, bonding, and combinations thereof, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which forms a two phase alloy upon cooling which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having a thickness of less than about 5080 microns, said corrosion-resistant carbon steel metal strip including a hot dipped coating of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprising tin, zinc and metal additive, at least about 95 weight percent of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprised of tin and zinc, said zinc content of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being up to about 30 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said metal additive including an effective amount of at least one metal to positively affect at least one property of said tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on an intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said metal additive including a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy having a coating thickness of up to about 0.003 inch.

2. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 1, including a plated nickel layer on said top and bottom surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having a thickness of up to about 3 microns, said coating thickness of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being greater than the thickness of said plated nickel layer.

3. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes manganese.

4. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes nickel.

5. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes magnesium.

6. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes lead.

7. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes aluminum.

8. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes copper.

9. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes silicon.

10. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes titanium.

11. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 1, wherein said zinc content is at least about 10 weight percent.

12. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 4, wherein said zinc content is at least about 10 weight percent.

13. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal to maintain fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said seal including a weld, a solder, bonding, and combinations thereof, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which forms a multi-phase alloy upon cooling which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having a thickness of less than about 5080 microns, said corrosion-resistant carbon steel metal strip including a hot dipped coating of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprising tin, zinc and metal additive, at least about 95 weight percent of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprised of tin and zinc, said zinc content of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being up to about 30 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said metal additive including an effective amount of at least one metal to positively affect at least one property of said tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on an intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said metal additive including a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy having a coating thickness of up to about 0.003 inch.

14. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, including a plated nickel layer on said top and bottom surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having a thickness of up to about 3 microns, said coating thickness of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being greater than the thickness of said plated nickel layer.

15. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel strip and said tin-zinc alloy, said heat created intermetallic layer having a thickness of less than about 3 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

16. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claims 14, including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel strip and said tin-zinc alloy, said heat created intermetallic layer having a thickness of less than about 3 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

17. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 15, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, lead, magnesium, titanium and mixtures thereof.

18. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 16, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, lead, magnesium, titanium and mixtures thereof.

19. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes magnesium.

20. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 18, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes magnesium.

21. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes aluminum.

22. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 20, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes aluminum.

23. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes manganese.

24. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 22, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes manganese.

25. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes lead.

26. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 24, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes lead.

27. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes copper.

28. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 26, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes copper.

29. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes chromium.

30. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes molybdenum.

31. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes nickel.

32. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes silicon.

33. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 13, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes titanium.

34. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal to maintain fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said seal including a weld, a solder, bonding, and combinations thereof, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a plated nickel layer on at least said top surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to a corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy forming a multi-phase alloy upon cooling which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of less than about 5080 microns, said corrosion-resistant carbon steel metal strip including a hot dipped coating of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprising tin, zinc and at least one metal component, at least about 90 weight percent of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprised of tin and zinc, said zinc content of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being up to about 30 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said metal additive including an effective amount of at least one metal to positively affect at least one property of said tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on an intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal component including a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of up to about 0.003 inch, said nickel layer having a thickness of up to about 3 microns, said coating thickness of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being greater than the thickness of said plated nickel layer.

35. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 34, including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel strip and said tin-zinc alloy, said heat created intermetallic layer having a thickness of less than about 3 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

36. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 35, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, lead, magnesium, titanium and mixtures thereof.

37. A corrosion-resistant metal strip comprising a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a hot dipped corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which forms a two phase alloy upon cooling which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having a thickness of less than about 5080 microns, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprising tin, zinc and at least one metal additive, at least about 90 weight percent of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy comprised of tin and zinc, said zinc content of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being up to about 30 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said at least one metal additive including an effective amount of at least one metal to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal additive including a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof, said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy having a coating thickness of up to about 0.003 inch.

38. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, including a plated nickel layer on said top and bottom surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having a thickness of up to about 3 microns, said coating thickness of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being greater than the thickness of said plated nickel layer.

39. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel strip and said tin-zinc alloy, said heat created intermetallic layer having a thickness of less than about 3 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

40. The metal strip as defined in claim 39, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, lead, magnesium, titanium and mixtures thereof.

41. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes manganese.

42. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes nickel.

43. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes magnesium.

44. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes lead.

45. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes aluminum.

46. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes copper.

47. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes silicon.

48. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes titanium.

49. The metal strip as defined in claim 37, wherein said zinc content is at least about 7 weight percent.

50. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said seal including a weld, a solder, bonding, and combinations thereof, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which forms two phases upon cooling and which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on at least one surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said carbon steel metal strip including a hot dipped coating of said tin-zinc alloy by at least partial immersion in molten tin-zinc alloy which at least partially forms a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc and a majority of tin and having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 99 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 20 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

51. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 50, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal additive to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal additive selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

52. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes copper.

53. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes magnesium.

54. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes manganese.

55. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes nickel.

56. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes silicon.

57. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes titanium.

58. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes lead.

59. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 51, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes aluminum.

60. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said seal including a weld, a solder, bonding, and combinations thereof, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top and bottom surface coated with a corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which upon cooling forms a two phase alloy which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on at least one surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said carbon steel metal strip including a hot dipped coating of said tin-zinc alloy by at least partial immersion in molten tin-zinc alloy which at least partially forms a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc and a majority of tin and having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 99 weight percent, said zinc content in said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy being less than about 20 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer, said tin-zinc alloy including at least an effective amount of manganese to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of increased corrosion protection to the metal alloy, improved grain refinement of the metal alloy, improved bonding of the metal alloy to the base metal, improved bonding of the metal alloy to the intermediate barrier metal layer, and combinations thereof, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc.

61. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 60, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

62. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 61, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal additive to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal additive selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

63. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 60, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

64. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 63, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal additive to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal additive selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

65. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having at least one of a top or bottom surface coated with a multi-phase corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which resists corrosion by petroleum products, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on at least one surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said carbon steel metal strip including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc and a majority of tin and having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 95 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 20 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, nickel, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal in an at least an effective amount to positively affect the corrosion resistant properties of said heat created intermetallic layer, said alloying metal including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

66. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 65, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal additive to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal additive selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

67. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top surface coated with a multi-phase corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which resists corrosion, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on said top surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said carbon steel metal strip including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc, a majority of tin and at least one metal component, said tin-zinc alloy having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 95 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 20 weight percent, said corrosion-resistant metal alloy forming a multi-phase alloy when solidified and said tin and said zinc forming a phase in said corrosion-resistant metal alloy, said at least one metal component present in at least an effective amount to positively affect the properties of said corrosion-resistant metal alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal component including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, nickel, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal in at least an effective amount to positively affect the corrosion-resistant properties of said heat created intermetallic layer, said alloying metal including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

68. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top surface coated with a multi-phase corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which resists corrosion, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel metal strip including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc, a majority of tin and at least one metal component, said tin-zinc alloy having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 90 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 30 weight percent, said at least one metal component present in at least an effective amount to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant metal alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on an intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal component including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal in at least an effective amount to positively affect the corrosion-resistant properties of said heat created intermetallic layer, said alloying metal including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

69. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 68, wherein said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on said top surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer.

70. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 69, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, nickel, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

71. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 70, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

72. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 71, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

73. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 68, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

74. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 73, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

75. A corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle comprising at least one shell member that includes a seal that maintains fluid within an interior of said petroleum receptacle, said at least one shell member including a carbon steel metal strip having a top surface coated with a multi-phase corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which resists corrosion, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel metal strip including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc and a majority of tin, said tin-zinc alloy having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 90 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 30 weight percent, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal in at least an effective amount to positively affect the corrosion-resistant properties of said heat created intermetallic layer, said alloying metal including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

76. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 75, wherein said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on said top surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer.

77. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 76, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, nickel, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

78. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 77, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

79. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 78, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

80. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 75, wherein said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy includes at least one metal component present in at least an effective amount to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant metal alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on an intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal component including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

81. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 80, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

82. The corrosion-resistant petroleum receptacle as defined in claim 81, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

83. A corrosion-resistant metal strip comprising a carbon steel metal strip having a top surface coated with a multi-phase corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy which resists corrosion, said carbon steel strip having an average thickness of about 127-5080 microns prior to coating with said tin-zinc alloy, said carbon steel metal strip including a heat created intermetallic layer between said carbon steel metal strip and said corrosion-resistant tin-zinc alloy, said tin-zinc alloy comprising zinc and a majority of tin, said tin-zinc alloy having a tin plus zinc content of at least about 90 weight percent, said zinc content less than about 30 weight percent, said tin-zinc alloy having an average coating thickness of about 2.5-1270 microns, said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal in at least an effective amount to positively affect the corrosion-resistant properties of said heat created intermetallic layer, said alloying metal including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

84. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 83, wherein said carbon steel strip including a plated nickel layer on said top surface of said carbon steel metal strip prior to said tin-zinc alloy being applied to said carbon steel metal strip, said nickel layer having an average thickness of less than about 3 microns, said average coating thickness of said tin-zinc alloy being greater than the average coating thickness of said plated nickel layer.

85. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 84, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer including iron, nickel, tin, zinc and at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

86. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 85, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

87. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 86, wherein said heat created intermetallic layer includes at least one alloying metal selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.

88. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 85, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component to positively affect at least one property of said corrosion-resistant metal alloy selected from the group consisting of enhancing the mechanical properties of the metal alloy, improving the corrosion resistance of the metal alloy, improving the grain refinement of the metal alloy, altering the color of the metal alloy, altering the reflectiveness of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy during forming or coating of the metal alloy, inhibiting the oxidation of the metal alloy when the metal alloy is exposed in various types of environments, inhibiting dross formation during the forming or coating of the metal alloy, stabilizing at least one component of the metal alloy, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the base metal, improving the bonding of the metal alloy on the intermediate barrier metal layer on the base metal, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the forming process, improving the flowability of the metal alloy during the coating process, producing the desired thickness of heat created intermetallic layer, reducing the crystallization of the tin in the metal alloy and combinations thereof, said at least one metal component including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, and mixtures thereof.

89. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 88, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof.

90. The corrosion-resistant metal strip as defined in claim 89, wherein said tin-zinc alloy includes at least an effective amount of at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, silicon and mixtures thereof.