Locating and tracking a user in a wireless network through environmentally profiled data

• US 6,799,047 B1
• Filed: 02/25/2000
• Issued: 09/28/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Bahl, Paramvir, Padmanabhan, Venkata N.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TU X
• Assistant Examiner(s): Maung, Nay
• Application Number:
  US09/513,355
• Time in Patent Office: 1,677 Days
• Field of Search: 342/457, 342/464, 342/357.13, 455/456, 455/506, 455/505, 455/423, 455/67.11, 455/67.16, 455/115.1, 455/226.1, 455/456.1
• US Class Current: 455/456.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/206 specially adapted for indoor navigation
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02521 using a radio-map

Abstract

A method for locating a user in a wireless network is disclosed. A mobile computer which seeks to determine its location within a building detects the signal strength of one or more wireless base stations placed at known locations throughout the building. An environmentally profiled table of known locations within the building and the base station signal strength at those locations is searched to find the stored signal strength most similar to the signal strength detected. The location corresponding to the most similar stored signal strength is determined to be the current location of the mobile computer. The table can be derived empirically, by placing a mobile computer at the known locations and measuring the signal strength of the wireless base stations at those locations, or it can be derived mathematically by taking into account a reference signal strength, the distance between the reference point and the known location, and the number of intervening walls between the reference point and the known location. As an alternative, the base stations can measure the signal strength of the mobile computer. In such a case, the table would relate a known position of the mobile computer to the signal strength of the mobile computer as measured by the one or more base stations. Environmental profiling is achieved by comparing several different tables, corresponding to several different environments, and using the table that minimizes the error. Environmental profiling can be applied to tables determined empirically or mathematically.

Claims

1. A method for determining a location of a mobile unit, comprising:

measuring a wireless signal strength;

comparing the measured wireless signal strength to an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations of the mobile unit, wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected based on the selected table having a closest determined location of a base station from among a plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit, which tables reflect the influence of environmental factors;

finding a table entry whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength; and

, determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry includes determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a known location corresponding to the found table entry.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the finding the table entry whose wireless signal strength is most similar to the measured wireless signal strength includes finding a plurality of table entries and wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry includes determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries includes multiplying each of the corresponding known locations by a weighting factor prior to the spatial averaging of the corresponding known locations.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit by a method using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the method comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the first base station, a wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) measuring the wireless signal strength of a base station as received by the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the wireless signal strength, at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the measuring the wireless signal strength of the base station includes measuring, at the mobile unit in the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, the wireless signal strength of the base station in a plurality of orientations of the mobile unit.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the entering the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the base station includes entering a maximum wireless signal strength of the base station in the plurality of orientations of the mobile unit.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of a base station at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the one of the known locations, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of the base station at the one of the known locations.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the different value for the variable in the calculation and the variable in the calculation are selected with reference to the computed deviation.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit by a method using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the method comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the second base station, a wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) measuring, at a base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the measuring the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in the mobile unit'"'"'s known location includes measuring, at the base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a plurality of orientations at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the entering the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit includes entering a maximum wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in the plurality of orientations at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at a base station, of the mobile unit at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit in the one of the known locations; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit at the one of the known locations.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the different value for the variable in the calculation and the variable in the calculation are selected with reference to the computed deviation.

17. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing steps, comprising:

measuring a wireless signal strength;

comparing the measured wireless signal strength to an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations of the mobile unit, wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected based on the selected table having a closest determined location of a base station from among a plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit, which tables reflect the influence of environmental factors;

finding a table entry whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength; and

, determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry.

18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry includes determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a known location corresponding to the found table entry.

19. The computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the finding the table entry whose wireless signal strength is most similar to the measured wireless signal strength includes finding a plurality of table entries and wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit with reference to the found table entry includes determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19 wherein the determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries includes multiplying each of the corresponding known locations by a weighting factor prior to the spatial averaging of the corresponding known locations.

21. The computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit with computer-executable instructions for performing steps, using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the steps comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the first base station, a wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

22. The computer-readable medium of claim 21 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) measuring the wireless signal strength of a base station as received by the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the wireless signal strength, at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

23. The computer-readable medium of claim 22 wherein the measuring the wireless signal strength of the base station includes measuring, at the mobile unit in the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, the wireless signal strength of the base station in a plurality of orientations of the mobile unit.

24. The computer-readable medium of claim 23 wherein the entering the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the base station includes entering a maximum wireless signal strength of the base station in the plurality of orientations of the mobile unit.

25. The computer-readable medium of claim 21 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of a base station at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the one of the known locations, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of the base station at the one of the known locations.

26. The computer-readable medium of claim 25 wherein the different value for the variable in the calculation and the variable in the calculation are selected with reference to the computed deviation.

27. The computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit with computer-executable instructions for performing steps, using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the steps comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the second base station, a wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

28. The computer-readable medium of claim 27 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) measuring, at a base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28 wherein the measuring the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in the mobile unit'"'"'s known location includes measuring, at the base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a plurality of orientations at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location.

30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29 wherein the entering the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit includes entering a maximum wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in the plurality of orientations at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location.

31. The computer-readable medium of claim 27 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at a base station, of the mobile unit at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit in the one of the known locations; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit at the one of the known locations.

32. The computer-readable medium of claim 31 wherein the different value for the variable in the calculation and the variable in the calculation are selected with reference to the computed deviation.

33. A method for creating an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the method comprising:

(a) generating a plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the first base station, a wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest by distance in signal space, to the measured signal strength of the second base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) measuring the wireless signal strength of a base station as received by the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the wireless signal strength, at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of a base station at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the one of the known locations, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of the base station at the one of the known locations.

36. A method for creating an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, the method comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the second base station, a wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) measuring, at a base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

38. The method of claim 36 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables by a method comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at a base station, of the mobile unit at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit in the one of the known locations; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit at the one of the known locations.

39. A method for determining a location of a mobile unit, comprising:

measuring a wireless signal strength;

comparing the measured wireless signal strength to an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations of the mobile unit, wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from a plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit, which tables reflect the influence of environmental factors;

finding a plurality of table entries whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength; and

, determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries, each corresponding known location having been multiplied by a weighting factor prior to the spatial averaging.

40. A computer-readable medium for creating an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, with computer-executable instructions for performing steps, comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the first base station, a wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the second base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

41. The computer-readable medium of claim 40 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) measuring the wireless signal strength of a base station as received by the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the wireless signal strength, at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

42. The computer-readable medium of claim 40 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of a base station at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the one of the known locations, of the base station; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength of the base station at the one of the known locations.

43. A computer-readable medium for creating an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations using at least two base stations, a first base station at a known first base station location and a second base station, with computer-executable instructions for performing steps, comprising:

(a) generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(b) measuring, at the second base station, a wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(c) comparing the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station to one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations;

(d) finding an entry in the one of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength of the first base station;

(e) determining a location of the first base station with reference to the found table entry;

(f) computing a deviation by comparing the determined location of the first base station to the known first base station location;

repeating steps (a) through (f) for each of the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations; and

, selecting, as the environmentally profiled table, a table of the plurality of tables which minimized the deviation.

44. The computer-readable medium of claim 43 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) measuring, at a base station, the wireless signal strength of the mobile unit in a known location;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the mobile unit'"'"'s known location and the measured wireless signal strength of the mobile unit at the mobile unit'"'"'s known location; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) under different environmental conditions.

45. The computer-readable medium of claim 43 wherein the generating the plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations includes generating the plurality of tables with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:

(a) calculating a mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at a base station, of the mobile unit at one of the known locations;

(b) entering, as an entry in the table, the one of the known locations and the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit in the one of the known locations; and

repeating steps (a) and (b) with a different value for a variable in the calculation of the mathematically estimated wireless signal strength, at the base station, of the mobile unit at the one of the known locations.

46. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing steps, comprising:

measuring a wireless signal strength;

comparing the measured wireless signal strength to an environmentally profiled table of wireless signal strengths and known locations of the mobile unit, wherein the environmentally profiled table is selected from a plurality of tables of wireless signal strengths and the known locations of the mobile unit, which tables reflect the influence of environmental factors;

finding a plurality of table entries whose wireless signal strength is closest, by distance in signal space, to the measured wireless signal strength; and

, determining the location of the mobile unit to be proximate to a spatial average of known locations corresponding to the found plurality of table entries, each corresponding known location having been multiplied by a weighting factor prior to the spatial averaging.