Efficient network multicast switching apparatus and methods

• US 6,804,236 B1
• Filed: 10/07/2002
• Issued: 10/12/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Edsall, Thomas J., Mahajan, Umesh, Kloth, Raymond, Mellacheruvu, Ramana
• Primary Examiner(s): Rao, Seema S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Harper, Kevin C.
• Application Number:
  US10/266,043
• Time in Patent Office: 736 Days
• Field of Search: 370/390, 370/400-401, 370/410, 370/432, 370/465
• US Class Current: 370/390
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4641 Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN] LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone H04L12/462; encapsulation techniques H04L12/4633; routing of packets H04L45/00; packet switches H04L49/00; virtual private networks for security H04L63/0272
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/467 Arrangements for supporting untagged frames, e.g. port-based VLANs

Abstract

Efficient switched network multicasting techniques are provided. Incoming multicast packets are processed by a central forwarding engine (CFE) in a network switch to generate forwarding indices used to make forwarding decisions for the packets based upon whether the packets are special multicast control packets or data packets. Forwarding of the special multicast control packets is determined by the switch'"'"'s network management processor (NMP), while data packets are forwarded based upon conventional bridge forwarding techniques.

Claims

1. A network multicasting method using a switch, said method comprising the steps:

receiving a message at said switch;

determining by a central forwarding engine (CFE) at said switch, in response to both network and data link information contained in said message, whether said message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages;

forwarding by said CFE, in response to said message being one of said predetermined class of multicast control messages, said message to a network management processor (NMP); and

processing by said NMP, in response to receipt of said message from said CFE, said message to make forwarding decisions.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps:

receiving at said switch a first multicast control message for removing an endstation from a multicast group specified in said message;

generating at said switch a second multicast control message in response to receipt of said first message by said switch, said second message being for querying as to endstation subscription status in said multicast group;

transmitting from a port of said switch that is associated with said endstation said second message; and

if said switch fails to receive via said port, within a predetermined time period, a third multicast control message indicating endstation subscription to said multicast group, preventing transmission via said port of a further multicast message associated with said multicast group.

2. A network multicasting method using a switch, said method comprising the steps:

receiving a message at said switch;

determining by a central forwarding engine (CFE) at said switch, in response to network and data link information contained in said message, whether said message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages;

forwarding by said CFE, in response to said message being one of said predetermined class of multicast control messages, said message to a network management processor (NMP); and

processing by said NMP, in response to receipt of said message from said CFE, said message to make forwarding decisions;

initializing said switch to process multicast messages in accordance with a first mode of operation of said switch associated with a first multicast protocol;

receiving at said switch at least one multicast message that is in accordance with a second multicast protocol different from said first protocol;

in response to receipt at said switch of said at least one multicast message, processing other multicast messages received by said switch in accordance with a second mode operation of said switch that is different from said first mode of operation; and

if after starting to process said other multicast messages according to said second mode of operation a predetermined time period elapses wherein said switch does not receive an additional multicast message that is in accordance with said second protocol, resuming processing of received multicast messages by said switch in accordance with said first mode of operation.

4. A network multicasting method using at least one switch having a plurality of ports, said method comprising:

receiving at said switch at least one message;

determining at said switch whether said at least one message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages, based upon network and data link layer information contained in said at least one message; and

determining forwarding of said at least one message from said switch based upon whether said at least one message is determined at said switch to be of said class of control messages;

wherein the step of determining whether said at least one message is of said class of control messages includes;

examining a header of said at least one message to determine, based upon a message type specified in a network layer header, whether said at least one message is an IGMP protocol message;

determining whether a data link layer destination address matches one of a plurality of predetermined data link layer addresses; and

if said at least one message is determined to be an IGMP protocol message and said data link layer destination address is determined not to match one of said predetermined addresses, determining that said at least one message is to be forwarded as one of said class of control messages.

5. A network multicasting method using at least one switch having a plurality of ports, said method comprising:

receiving at said switch at least one message;

determining at said switch whether said at least one message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages, based upon network and data link layer information contained in said at least one message; and

determining forwarding of said at least one message from said switch based upon whether said at least one message is determined at said switch to be of said class of control messages;

wherein the step of determining whether said at least one message is of said class of control messages includes;

examining a header of said at least one message to determine, based upon a message type specified in a network layer header, whether said at least one message is an IGMP protocol message;

determining whether a data link layer destination address matches one of a plurality of predetermined data link layer addresses;

if said at least one message is determined to be an IGMP protocol message and said data link layer destination address is determined not to match one of said predetermined addresses, determining that said at least one message is to be forwarded as one of said class of control messages; and

if said at least one message is determined to be an IGMP protocol message and said data link layer destination address is determined to match one of said predetermined addresses, determining that said at least one message is not to be forwarded as one of said class of control messages.

6. A switch, comprising:

a port for receiving a message at said switch;

means for determining by a central forwarding engine (CFE) at said switch, in response to both network and data link information contained in said message, whether said message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages;

means for forwarding by said CFE, in response to said message being one of said predetermined class of multicast control messages, said message to a network management processor (NMP); and

means for processing by said NMP, in response to receipt of said message from said CFE, said message to make forwarding decisions.

7. A computer-readable media, comprising:

instructions for execution in a processor for the practice of a method, said method having the steps,

receiving a message at said switch;

determining by a central forwarding engine (CFE) at said switch, in response to both network and data link information contained in said message, whether said message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages;

forwarding by said CFE, in response to said message being one of said predetermined class of multicast control messages, said message to a network management processor (NMP); and

processing by said NMP, in response to receipt of said message from said CFE, said message to make forwarding decisions.

8. Electromagnetic signals propagating on a computer network, comprising:

instructions for execution on a processor for the practice of a method, said method having the steps,

receiving a message at said switch;

determining by a central forwarding engine (CFE) at said switch, in response to both network and data link information contained in said message, whether said message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages;

forwarding by said CFE, in response to said message being one of said predetermined class of multicast control messages, said message to a network management processor (NMP); and

processing by said NMP, in response to receipt of said message from said CFE, said message to make forwarding decisions.

9. A switch, comprising:

a first port to receive at least one message;

a central forwarding engine (CFE) to determine whether said at least one message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages, based upon network and data link layer information contained in said at least one message;

a network management processor (NMP) that receives said at least one message based upon whether said at least one message is determined at said CFE to be of said class of control messages;

a processor to initialize said switch to process multicast messages in accordance with a first mode of operation of said switch associated with a first multicast protocol;

a second port to receive at least one multicast message that is in accordance with a second multicast protocol different from said first protocol;

a header parsing engine to initiate processing of other multicast messages received by said switch in accordance with a second mode of operation of said switch that is different from said first mode of operation; and

a timer to measure a time interval since receipt of a message in said second mode of operation, and responsive to said measured time interval exceeding a time out period, resuming processing of received multicast messages by said switch in accordance with said first mode of operation.

10. The switch of claim 9, wherein said first and second ports are the same port in said switch.

11. A switch, comprising:

a first port to receive at least one message;

a central forwarding engine (CFE) to determine whether said at least one message is of a predetermined class of multicast control messages, based upon both network and data link layer information contained in said at least one message;

a network management processor (NMP) that receives said at least one message based upon whether said at least one message is determined at said CFE to be of said class of control messages.

12. The switch of claim 11, further comprising:

a second port to receive a first multicast control message for removing a specific endstation from a multicast group specified in said message;

a processor to generate a second multicast control message in response to receipt of said first message by said switch, said second message being for querying as to endstation subscription status in said multicast group; and

a network adapter to transmit said second message via a third port of said switch, said third port associated with said specific endstation,

wherein said processor prevents transmission via said third port of a further multicast message associated with said multicast group if said switch fails to receive via said third port, within a predetermined period of time, a third multicast control message from any endstation, including said specific endstation, indicating that at least one endstation subscribes to said multicast group.

13. The switch of claim 12, wherein said second and third ports are the same port in said switch.