Method and apparatus for learning and switching frames in a distributed network switch

• US 6,807,172 B1
• Filed: 12/21/1999
• Issued: 10/19/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Chang, Chingwei, Edsall, Thomas J., Levenson, Herman, Sanzgiri, Ajit, Rajendran, Saravanakumar, Davar, Jonathan, Nguyen, Tuan Thanh, Surma, Claudette Lucille, Lue, Rong-Lung
• Primary Examiner(s): Ton, Dang
• Assistant Examiner(s): MEHRA, INDER P
• Application Number:
  US09/469,459
• Time in Patent Office: 1,764 Days
• Field of Search: 370/389, 370/392, 370/324.03, 370/400, 370/401, 370/402, 370/422, 370/423, 370/390, 370/428, 370/432, 370/471, 370/474
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/101 using crossbar or matrix
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/30 Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/3009 Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/351 for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/354 for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/40 Constructional details, e.g. power supply, mechanical construction or backplane

Abstract

A technique enables learning and switching of frames between line cards that are interconnected by a switch fabric of a distributed network switch. The network switch comprises a router and a plurality of forwarding engines, each having an associated forwarding table. The distributed learning and switching technique configures (i) the router to issue an extra copy of a routed frame to an ingress card having a port attached to the source of the frame; (ii) the router to ensure that the contents of a source index field of the routed frame header indicate that the frame originated from the ingress card; (iii) the router to assert a shortcut bit in the header of the routed frame; (iv) a forwarding engine on an egress card having a port attached to the destination of the frame to generate and issue a media access control notification frame to the ingress card and (v) a forwarding engine on the ingress card to mark an established entry in a layer 2 (L2) portion of its forwarding table as ineligible for normal L2 aging policies.

Claims

1. A method for learning and switching frames between line cards that are interconnected by a switch fabric of a distributed network switch, the cards including an ingress card having an incoming port for receiving a frame at the switch, an egress card having an outgoing port for transmitting the frame from the switch and a switch management card (SMC) containing a router, the method comprising the steps of:

executing a routing decision operation on the frame at the router, the frame comprising a header having a port-of-exit (POE) mask field, a source index field and a destination index field, the POE mask field including a plurality of bits, one for each port interface of the switch fabric; and

modifying the header of a frame during execution of the routing decision operation to ensure that copies of the routed frame are provided to the ingress card and egress cards.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of modifying comprises the step of asserting a first bit in the POE mask field of the header, wherein the first bit denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the ingress card as specified by the contents of the source index field.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of:

rendering a forwarding decision for the routed frame at a forwarding engine on the SMC using a destination media access control (MAC) address of the routed frame; and

asserting a second bit in a POE vector that denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the egress card as specified by the contents of the destination index field.

4. A computer readable media, comprising:

said computer readable media having instructions written thereon for execution on a processor for the practice of the method of claim 1.

5. Electromagnetic signals propagating on a computer network, comprising:

said electromagnetic signals carrying instructions for execution on a processor for the practice of the method of claim 1.

6. A method for learning and switching frames between line cards that are interconnected by a switch fabric of a distributed network switch, the cards including an ingress card having an incoming port for receiving a frame at the switch, an egress card having an outgoing port for transmitting the frame from the switch and a switch management card (SMC) containing a router, the method comprising the steps of:

executing a routing decision operation on the frame at the router, the frame comprising a header having a port-of-exit (POE) mask field, a source index field and a destination index field, the POE mask field including a plurality of bits, one for each port interface of the switch fabric;

modifying the header of a frame during execution of the routing decision operation to ensure that copies of the routed frame are provided to the ingress card and egress cards;

asserting a first bit in the POE mask field of the header, wherein the first bit denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the ingress card as specified by the contents of the source index field;

rendering a forwarding decision for the routed frame at a forwarding engine on the SMC using a destination media access control (MAC) address of the routed frame;

asserting a second bit in a POE vector that denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the egress card as specified by the contents of the destination index field;

logically combining the asserted first bit of the POE mask field with the asserted second bit of the POE vector;

loading the logically combined asserted bits into the POE mask field of the frame; and

forwarding the frame to the switch fabric, whereby the logically combined asserted bits of the POE mask field instruct the switch fabric to switch copies of the routed frame through its port interfaces coupled to the ingress and egress cards.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of, during execution of the routing decision operation, maintaining contents of the source index field to specify the incoming port on the ingress card as an originator of the routed frame.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:

asserting a predefined bit in the fabric header of the routed frame; and

in response to the asserted predefined bit, generating a notification frame at a forwarding engine on the egress card.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the predefined bit is a shortcut (SC) bit.

10. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of informing a recipient of the generated notification frame about a location of a layer 2 (shortcut) address.

11. The method of claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

issuing the generated notification frame from the forwarding engine of the egress card to the ingress card;

receiving the generated frame at a forwarding engine on the ingress card; and

establishing an appropriate entry in a layer 2 (L2) portion of a forwarding table on the ingress card.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of establishing comprises the step of using contents of source MAC address and source index fields of the generated frame to establish the L2 entry.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the contents of the source index field reflects a port and line card originating the generated notification frame.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of marking the established L2 entry as ineligible for normal L2 aging policies.

15. Apparatus for learning and switching frames between line cards that are interconnected by a switch fabric of a distributed network switch, the cards including an ingress card having an incoming port for receiving a frame at the switch, an egress card having an outgoing port for transmitting the frame from the switch and a switch management card (SMC) containing a router, the apparatus comprising:

means for executing a routing decision operation on the frame, the frame comprising a header having a port-of-exit (POE) mask field, a source index field and a destination index field, the POE mask field including a plurality of bits, one for each port interface of the switch fabric; and

means for modifying the header of a frame during execution of the routing decision operation to ensure that copies of the routed frame are provided to the ingress card and egress cards.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the means for executing comprises a router.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the means for modifying comprises means for asserting a first bit in the POE mask field of the header, wherein the first bit denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the ingress card as specified by the contents of the source index field.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:

means for rendering a forwarding decision for the routed frame using a destination media access control (MAC) address of the routed frame; and

means for asserting a second bit in a POE vector that denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the egress card as specified by the contents of the destination index field.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the means for rendering a forwarding decision comprises a forwarding engine on the SMC.

20. Apparatus for learning and switching frames between line cards that are interconnected by a switch fabric of a distributed network switch, the cards including an ingress card having an incoming port for receiving a frame at the switch, an egress card having an outgoing port for transmitting the frame from the switch and a switch management card (SMC) containing a router, the apparatus comprising:

means for executing by a router a routing decision operation on the frame, the frame comprising a header having a port-of-exit (POE) mask field, a source index field and a destination index field, the POE mask field including a plurality of bits, one for each port interface of the switch fabric;

means for modifying the header of a frame during execution of the routing decision operation to ensure that copies of the routed frame are provided to the ingress card and egress cards;

means for asserting a first bit in the POE mask field of the header, wherein the first bit denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the ingress card as specified by the contents of the source index field;

a forwarding engine on the SMC to render a forwarding decision for the routed frame using a destination media access control (MAC) address of the routed frame;

means for asserting a second bit in a POE vector that denotes the port interface on the switch fabric corresponding to the egress card as specified by the contents of the destination index field;

means for rendering a forwarding decision comprises a forwarding engine on the SMC; and

means for asserting the second bit in the POE vector comprises a local target logic memory.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising:

means for logically combining the asserted first bit of the POE mask field with the asserted second bit of the POE vector;

means for loading the logically combined asserted bits into the POE mask field of the frame; and

means for forwarding the frame to the switch fabric, whereby the logically combined asserted bits of the POE mask field instruct the switch fabric to switch copies of the routed frame through its port interfaces coupled to the ingress and egress cards.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the means for logically combining comprises an up/down link interface circuit.

23. A method for operating a router comprising:

receiving a frame at a port of an ingress card, the frame having a source field (SF) and a destination field (DF);

executing, in response to receiving the frame, a routing decision by a microprocessor to designate a port of exit (POE);

transferring the frame from the ingress card to an egress card having the POE; and

transferring to the ingress card the designation of the POE, to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table so that a next frame can be forwarded by the ingress card without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:

generating a source index field (SIF) and a destination index field (DIF), and setting a shortcut bit (SC bit), and writing the SIF, the DIF, and the SC into a header of the frame before transferring the frame to the egress card; and

transferring to the ingress card, in response to the SC bit, the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table to facilitate forwarding the next frame without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of:

establishing an entry in a layer 2 (L2) portion of a forwarding table in the ingress card to contain the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF and the designation of the POE.

26. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of:

maintaining in the forwarding table a specification of the incoming port of the frame on the ingress card.

27. A computer readable media, comprising:

said computer readable media having instructions written thereon for execution on a processor for the practice of the method of claim 23.

28. Electromagnetic signals propagating on a computer network, comprising:

said electromagnetic signals carrying instructions for execution on a processor for the practice of the method of claim 23.

29. A router comprising:

an ingress card;

an egress card;

a port of the ingress card to receive a frame, the frame having a source field (SF) and a destination field (DF);

a microprocessor to execute, in response to receiving the frame, a routing decision to designate a port of exit (POE);

a switch fabric to transfer the frame to the egress card having the POE, and to transfer to the ingress card the designation of the POE, to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table so that a next frame can be forwarded by the ingress card without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

30. The router of claim 29 further comprising:

the microprocessor to execute a routing decision to generate a source index field (SIF) and a destination index field (DIF), and to set a shortcut bit (SC bit), and to transfer to the ingress card, in response to the SC bit, the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table to facilitate forwarding by the ingress card without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

31. The router of claim 30 further comprising:

the forwarding table establishing an entry in a layer 2 (L2) portion on the ingress card to contain the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF and the designation of the POE.

32. The router of claim 29 further comprising:

the forwarding table of the ingress card maintaining a specification of the incoming port of the frame.

33. A router, comprising:

means for receiving a frame at a port of an ingress card, the frame having a source field (SF) and a destination field (DF);

means for executing, in response to receiving the frame, a routing decision by a microprocessor to designate a port of exit (POE);

means for transferring the frame from the ingress card to an egress card having the POE; and

means for transferring to the ingress card the designation of the POE, to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table so that a next frame can be forwarded by the ingress card without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

34. The router of claim 33 further comprising:

means for generating a source index field (SIF) and a destination index field (DIF), and setting a shortcut bit (SC bit), and writing the SIF, the DIF, and the SC into a header of the frame before transferring the frame to the egress card; and

means for transferring to the ingress card, in response to the SC bit, the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF to permit the ingress card to update it'"'"'s forwarding table to facilitate forwarding the next frame without the microprocessor executing a routing decision.

35. The router of claim 34 further comprising:

maintaining in the forwarding table a specification of the incoming port of the frame on the ingress card.

36. The router of claim 33 further comprising:

means for establishing an entry in a layer 2 (L2) portion of a forwarding table in the ingress card to contain the SF, the DF, the SIF, the DIF and the designation of the POE.