Control method and apparatus for internal combustion engine electric hybrid vehicles

• US 6,809,429 B1
• Filed: 10/02/2000
• Issued: 10/26/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 04/21/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Frank, Andrew A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramirez, Nestor
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gonzalez, Julio Cesar
• Application Number:
  US09/677,288
• Time in Patent Office: 1,485 Days
• Field of Search: 290/40.C, 290/40.R, 290/45, 322/16, 180/65.2
• US Class Current: 290/40.00C
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/52 Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/543 the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/26 Transition between different drive modes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/15 with additional electric power supply with capacitors charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/40; with batteries charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/61
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/30 Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio control of change speed gearings, together with other vehicle sub-units B60W10/10; HEV transmission gearing B60K6/36; gearings and control thereof F16H
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0677 Engine power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1882 characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2250/24 by using an external load, e.g. a generator
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/04 the motors being associated with current generators
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/66 specially adapted for continuously variable gearings control of exclusively fluid gearing F16H61/38
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/66254 controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 : having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/916 : with plurality of drive axles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/918 : Continuously variable
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/945 : Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio

Abstract

A method and apparatus for controlling the power output of an internal combustion engine in a vehicle, wherein a motor/generator or a generator/motor is coupled to the output shaft of the engine and the positive and negative torque of the motor/generator or the generator/motor is varied to control the power output of the engine as a function of speed for all manners of performance of the vehicle. The engine operates along a predetermined ideal operating line at all speeds of the vehicle.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling the power at the output of an internal combustion engine coupled to a continuously variable transmission in a vehicle, comprising:

(a) an electric motor coupled to the output of said engine; and

(b) a system controller configured to operate said motor simultaneously with said engine and apply motor torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(c) said system controller further configured to control rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission;

(d) wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor torque and rate of chance of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

2. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said motor comprises a motor/generator.

3. An apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said system controllers configured to apply positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output.

4. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said system controller is configured to apply positive motor torque to said engine output.

5. An apparatus for controlling the power at the output of an internal combustion engine coupled to a continuously variable transmission in a vehicle, wherein the rate of change of ratio of said transmission is controllable, comprising:

(a) an electric motor positioned between said engine and said transmission; and

(b) a system controller configured to vary the rate of change of the ratio of said transmission and to operate said motor simultaneously with said engine and apply motor torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(c) wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

6. An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said system controller is configured to apply positive motor torque to said engine output.

7. An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said motor comprises a motor/generator, and wherein said system controller is configured to apply positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output.

8. An apparatus for controlling the power at the output of an internal combustion engine coupled to a continuously variable transmission in a vehicle, comprising:

(a) a generator coupled to the output of said engine; and

(b) a system controller configured to operate said generator simultaneously with said engine and apply generator torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(c) said system controller further configured to control rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission;

(d) wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying generator torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

9. An apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said generator comprises a generator/motor.

10. An apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said system controller is configured to apply positive or negative generator/motor torque to said engine output.

11. An apparatus as recited in claim 8 wherein, said system controller is configured to apply negative generator torque to said engine output.

12. An apparatus as recited in claim 8, further comprising:

(a) an electric motor;

(b) said system controller configured to vary torque output of said motor;

(c) wherein said generator, said system controller, and said motor function as an electric continuously variable transmission.

13. An apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said motor comprises a motor/generator.

14. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine driving a continuously variable transmission and a driveshaft coupled to said continuously variable transmission in a vehicle, wherein the rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission is controllable, comprising:

(a) a generator/motor mechanically coupled to and driven by said engine;

(b) a generator/motor controller electrically connected to said generator/motor;

(c) a motor/generator mechanically coupled to said drive shaft;

(d) a motor/generator controller electrically connected to said motor/generator;

(e) a battery electrically connected to said generator/motor controller and said motor/generator controller;

(f) said generator/motor, said generator/motor controller, said motor/generator, said motor/generator controller, and said battery comprising said continuously variable transmission; and

(g) a system controller configured to vary the rate of change of the ratio of said continuously variable transmission and to operate said generator/motor simultaneously with said engine and apply generator/motor torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(h) wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying generator/motor torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

15. A control apparatus for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine driving a continuously variable transmission, wherein said continuously variable transmission has an output driving a first wheel at a first end of said vehicle wheel, and wherein the rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission is controllable, comprising:

(a) an electric motor driving a second wheel at a second end of said vehicle,

(c) said motor coupled to said transmission through a road surface; and

(d) control means for varying the rate of change of the ratio of said continuously variable transmission and for operating said motor simultaneously with said engine to apply motor torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(e) wherein said control means varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

16. A control apparatus for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an electric motor/generator coupled to said engine and driving a continuously variable transmission, and a battery system powering the electric motor, comprising:

a system controller configured to operate said motor/generator simultaneously with said engine and apply positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

wherein said predetermined operating line comprises an ideal operating line as determined by empirical testing of the engine, electric motor/generator and battery system;

said system controller further configured to control rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission;

wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor/generator torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

17. A control apparatus for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electric motor/generator, wherein said internal combustion engine and said electric motor/generator are coupled to a continuously variable transmission, and wherein the rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission is controllable, comprising:

(a) an engine controller mechanically connected to said internal combustion engine;

(b) a motor/generator controller electrically connected to said electric motor/generator; and

(c) control means for controlling said engine controller and said motor/generator controller, for varying rate of change of the ratio of said transmission, and for operating said motor/generator simultaneously with said engine to apply positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line;

(d) wherein said system controller varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor/generator torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

18. An apparatus for controlling the power at the output of an internal combustion engine coupled to a continuously valuable transmission, comprising;

(a) an electric motor/generator coupled to the output of said engine; and

(b) control means for operating said motor/generator simultaneously with said engine and applying positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line and for controlling rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission;

(c) wherein said control means varies acceleration and deceleration of a vehicle by varying motor/generator torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.

19. In a hybrid electric vehicle having the output of an internal combustion engine coupled to a continuously variable transmission, the improvement comprising:

(a) an electric motor/generator coupled to the output of said engine; and

(b) control means for operating said motor/generator simultaneously with said engine and applying positive or negative motor/generator torque to said engine output to maintain engine power or torque output substantially along a predetermined operating line and for controlling rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission;

(c) wherein said control means varies acceleration and deceleration of said vehicle by varying motor/generator torque and rate of change of ratio of said continuously variable transmission.