System and method for controlling the operation of a fuel processing system

• US 6,811,908 B2
• Filed: 05/03/2002
• Issued: 11/02/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: DCNS SA (Government of France)
• Original Assignee: IdaTech LLC (IdaTech Ltd.)
• Inventors: Herron, Thomas G., Edlund, David J., Pledger, William A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut, Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US10/138,004
• Publication Number:
  US 20020127447A1
• Time in Patent Office: 914 Days
• Field of Search: 429/17, 429/19, 429/20, 429/22, 429/23, 429/24, 429/25, 422/108
• US Class Current: 429/423
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/003 to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/06 using only one supply
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/10 by alarm
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/12 by confirmation, e.g. of the input
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0053 relating to fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/72 Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/31 for starting of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/34 by heating
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0612 from carbon-containing material
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A control system and method for a fuel processing system. The control system automates the operation of a fuel processing system by monitoring operating parameters and automatically controlling the operation of the system responsive to the monitored parameters, predefined subroutines and/or user inputs.

Claims

1. A fuel processing system, comprising:

a feed assembly adapted to deliver water and a carbon-containing feedstock to a fuel processor;

a fuel processor adapted to receive a feed stream containing the carbon-containing feedstock and water, wherein the fuel processor comprises;

a reforming region, in which a reformate stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases is produced by reforming the feed stream; and

a separation region that includes at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and in which a product hydrogen stream is formed from a portion of the reformate stream that passes through the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane;

a fuel cell stack that is adapted to receive an oxygen-containing stream and at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream and to produce an electric current therefrom; and

a control system that is adapted to regulate and control the operation of the fuel processing system responsive at least in part to inputs from a sensor assembly that includes at least one sensor adapted to measure an operating parameter of the fuel processing system, wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system between selected ones of a plurality of operating states responsive at least in part to inputs from the sensor assembly, and further wherein the plurality of operating states includes a running state in which the product hydrogen stream is produced by the fuel processor and at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack, and an idle state in which the fuel processor is maintained at an operating temperature and an operating pressure for reforming the feed stream, but no more of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack than is required to operate the fuel processing system in the idle state.

2. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system from the running state to the idle state responsive at least in part to an input from the sensor assembly corresponding to an operating parameter measured upstream from the product hydrogen stream.

3. The fuel processing system of claim 2, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the separation region.

4. The fuel processing system of claim 3, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the separation region.

5. The fuel processing system of claim 4, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the reforming region.

6. The fuel processing system of claim 5, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the reforming region.

7. The fuel processing system of claim 6, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the feed assembly.

8. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system from the running state to the idle state responsive at least in part to a plurality of inputs from the sensor assembly, and further wherein at least one of inputs corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the product hydrogen stream.

9. The fuel processing system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of inputs include at least one input that corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the fuel processor and at least one input that corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the reforming region.

10. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the sensor assembly is adapted to measure the value of at least three operating parameters of the fuel processing system.

11. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the sensor assembly includes a plurality of sensors that are collectively adapted to measure a plurality of operating parameters of the fuel processing system, and further wherein the control system includes a memory device in which threshold values corresponding to the plurality of operating parameters measured by the sensor assembly are stored, and further wherein the control system includes a controller that is adapted to compare the inputs to the corresponding threshold values.

12. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the control system is in communication with a user input device through which user inputs may be received and transmitted to the control system, and further wherein the control system is further adapted to regulate the operation of the fuel processing system responsive at least in part to the user inputs.

13. The fuel processing system of claim 12, wherein the control system is adapted to receive a user input directing a transition between the plurality of operating states, and further wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system between selected ones of the plurality of operating states responsive to receipt by the control system of the user input directing a transition between the plurality of operating states.

14. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein in the idle state, none of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack.

15. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the fuel processing system further includes a storage device adapted to receive and store at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream.

16. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein in the idle state, the fuel processor is adapted to deliver at least a substantial portion of the product hydrogen stream to a heating assembly that is adapted to combusts the portion of the product hydrogen stream to produce heat.

17. The fuel processing system of claim 15, wherein in the idle state, the fuel processor is adapted to deliver at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream to the storage device.

18. The fuel processing system of claim 15, wherein in the idle state, the fuel processor is adapted to not deliver any of the product hydrogen stream to the storage device.

19. The fuel processing system of claim 1, wherein the control system further includes a user interface adapted to display information indicative of the performance of the fuel processing system.

20. A fuel processing system, comprising:

a feed assembly adapted to deliver water and a carbon-containing feedstock to a fuel processor;

a fuel processor adapted to receive a feed stream containing the carbon-containing feedstock and water, wherein the fuel processor comprises;

a reforming region, in which a reformate stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases is produced by reforming the feed stream; and

a separation region that includes at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and in which a product hydrogen stream is formed from a portion of the reformate stream that passes through the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane;

a fuel cell stack that is adapted to receive an oxygen-containing stream and at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream and to produce an electric current therefrom; and

a control system that is adapted to regulate and control the operation of the fuel processing system responsive at least in part to inputs from a sensor assembly that includes at least one sensor adapted to measure an operating parameter of the fuel processing system and responsive to which an input is generated, wherein the control system includes a memory portion containing at least one threshold value that corresponds to a predetermined threshold operating parameter for each of the operating parameters, wherein the control system is adapted to compare the input to the at least one threshold value to determine if the fuel processing system is operating at an operating parameter that exceeds the predetermined threshold operating parameter, and further wherein upon determination that the input exceeds one or more of the at least one threshold value, the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system from a running state, in which the product hydrogen stream is produced by the fuel processor and at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack, to a faulted state in which no feed stream is delivered to the fuel processor and the product hydrogen stream is not delivered to the fuel cell stack, and further wherein from the faulted state the control system is adapted to transition the fuel processing system to either an off state or a standby state, in which the fuel processor is maintained at an operating temperature and an operating pressure for reforming the feed stream, but no more of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack than is required to operate the fuel processing system in the standby state.

21. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system to the faulted state responsive at least in part to an input from the sensor assembly corresponding to an operating parameter measured upstream from the product hydrogen stream.

22. The fuel processing system of claim 21, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the separation region.

23. The fuel processing system of claim 22, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the separation region.

24. The fuel processing system of claim 23, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the reforming region.

25. The fuel processing system of claim 24, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the reforming region.

26. The fuel processing system of claim 25, wherein the input corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the feed assembly.

27. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system is adapted to automatically transition the fuel processing system to the faulted state responsive at least in part to a plurality of inputs from the sensor assembly, and further wherein at least one of inputs corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the product hydrogen stream.

28. The fuel processing system of claim 27, wherein the plurality of inputs include at least one input that corresponds to an operating parameter measured in the fuel processor and at least one input that corresponds to an operating parameter measured upstream from the reforming region.

29. The fuel processing system of claim 27, wherein the plurality of inputs includes at least one input that corresponds to an operating parameter measured downstream from the fuel processor.

30. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the sensor assembly is adapted to measure the value of at least three operating parameters of the fuel processing system.

31. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system includes a user alert device, and further wherein the control system is adapted to actuate the user alert device when the fuel processing system is transitioned to the faulted state.

32. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system is a computer-implemented control system.

33. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system is adapted to control the operation of the fuel processing system to maintain the fuel processor within a predetermined range of the operating temperature and the operating pressure for reforming the feed stream.

34. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the sensor assembly is adapted to monitor the value of at least three operating parameters of the fuel processor.

35. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the fuel processing system further includes a storage device adapted to receive and store at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream.

36. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the fuel processor further includes a polishing region that is adapted to receive the product hydrogen stream and to reduce the concentration of one or more selected compositions of the product hydrogen stream.

37. The fuel processing system of claim 36, wherein the one or more selected compositions includes carbon monoxide.

38. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein the control system further includes a user interface adapted to display information indicative of the performance of the fuel processing system.

39. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein in the standby state, none of the product hydrogen stream is delivered to the fuel cell stack.

40. The fuel processing system of claim 20, wherein in the standby state, the fuel processor is adapted to deliver at least a substantial portion of the product hydrogen stream to a heating assembly that is adapted to combusts the portion of the product hydrogen stream to produce heat.

41. The fuel processing system of claim 35, wherein in the standby state, the fuel processor is adapted to deliver at least a portion of the product hydrogen stream to the storage device.

42. The fuel processing system of claim 35, wherein in the standby state, the fuel processor is adapted to not deliver any of the product hydrogen stream to the storage device.