Devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics including waveguides

• US 6,821,729 B2
• Filed: 09/12/2001
• Issued: 11/23/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 11/01/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ador Diagnostics S.R.L.
• Original Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.
• Inventors: Ackley, Donald E., Butler, William F., Swanson, Paul D.
• Primary Examiner(s): FORMAN, BETTY J
• Application Number:
  US09/952,459
• Publication Number:
  US 20020028503A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,168 Days
• Field of Search: 435/6, 435/7.1, 435/174, 435/283.1, 435/287.2, 435/288.2, 435/288.7, 422/68.1, 422/82.05
• US Class Current: 435/6.11
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00315 Microtiter plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00527 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0059 Sequential processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00605 the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00617 by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00626 Covalent
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00637 by coating it with another layer
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00686 Automatic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00689 using computers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00702 Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00713 Electrochemical synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0072 Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 : Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00731 : Saccharides
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0689 : Sealing
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/10 : Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/12 : Specific details about manufacturing devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0636 : Integrated biosensor, microarrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 : Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0654 : Lenses; Optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0877 : Flow chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0415 : electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0421 : electrophoretic flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502707 : characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components by shaping or joining plastic parts B29C59/00, B29C65/00; by laminating B32B37/00; manufacture of microstructural devices in general B81C
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 : characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502761 : specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules investigating characteristics of particles G01N15/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5085 : for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 : Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 : Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: C07B 2200/11 : Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 21/00 : Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/04 : on carriers C07K1/003, C07K1/006 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/045 : using devices to improve synthesis, e.g. reactors, special vessels
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/047 : Simultaneous synthesis of different peptide species; Peptide libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6813 : Hybridisation assays
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6816 : characterised by the detection means C12Q1/6804 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6825 : Nucleic acid detection involving sensors
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6837 : using probe arrays or probe chips C12Q1/6874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/515 : characterised by the interaction between or sequential use of two or more arrays
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/607 : being a sensor, e.g. electrode
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 : Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/10 : Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/12 : Libraries containing saccharides or polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 : for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 19/006 : Micropumps F04B43/043 and F04B43/095 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/44743 : Introducing samples
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0014 : comprising cells based on organic memory material
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0019 : comprising bio-molecules
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/04 : using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 19/00 : Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 25/50 : Multistep manufacturing processes of assemblies consisting of devices, each device being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00 or H01L29/00 H01L21/50 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 : Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Abstract

An electronic device for performing active biological operations includes an optically confining region including a support substrate having a via and a chip disposed in a facing arrangement with the support substrate, the chip including an array of electrodes disposed thereon. An optically accessible top member is disposed in a facing arrangement with the support substrate opposite the chip. The device further includes a source of illumination and an edge illumination layer having an input adapted to receive illumination from the source, and a terminal edge that outputs the illumination, the edge illumination layer being disposed adjacent to the support substrate. Illumination from the terminal edge of the illumination layer is directed into the optically confining region.

Claims

1. An electronic device for performing active biological operations, comprising:

an optically confining region including;

a support substrate having a first surface and a second surface and a via between the first and second surfaces;

a second substrate disposed in facing arrangement with the second surface of the support substrate, the second substrate including an array of electrodes disposed thereon;

a top member disposed in facing arrangement with the first surface of the support substrate, at least a portion of the top member forming an optically accessible window;

wherein the optically confining region is bounded by the via of the support substrate, the second substrate, and the top member;

a source of illumination; and

an edge illumination layer having an input adapted to receive illumination from the source of illumination and a terminal edge that outputs the illumination, the edge illumination layer being disposed adjacent to the support substrate, the illumination from the terminal edge of the illumination layer being directed into the optically confining region.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the array of electrodes is optically accessible through the top member.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the optically confining region contains a fluid.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein, the second substrate is a chip.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a sealant disposed between at least a portion of the interface between the support substrate and the second substrate.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the terminal edge of the edge illumination layer terminates outside the sealant.

7. The device of claim 5, wherein the terminal edge of the edge illumination layer terminates inside the sealant.

8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer disposed between the first surface of the support substrate and the top member.

9. The device of claim 1, further comprising an inlet chamber coupled to the optically confining region.

10. The device of claim 1, further comprising an outlet chamber coupled to the optically confining region.

11. An electronic device for performing active biological operations, comprising:

an optically confining region including;

a support substrate having a first surface and a second surface and a via between the first and second surfaces;

a second substrate disposed in facing arrangement with the second surface of the support substrate, the second substrate including an array of electrodes disposed thereon;

a top member disposed in facing arrangement with the first surface of the support substrate, at least a portion of the top member forming an optically accessible window;

wherein the optically confining region is bounded by the via of the support substrate, the second substrate, and the top member;

a source of illumination; and

a waveguide having an input adapted to receive illumination from the source of illumination and terminal edge that outputs the illumination, the waveguide being disposed adjacent to the support substrate, the illumination from the terminal edge of the waveguide being directed into the optically confining region.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the array of electrodes is optically accessible through the top member.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the optically confining region contains a fluid.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein the second substrate is a chip.

15. The device of claim 11, further comprising a sealant disposed between at least a portion of the interface between the support substrate and the second substrate.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the terminal edge of the waveguide terminates outside the sealant.

17. The device of claim 15, wherein the terminal edge of the waveguide terminates inside the sealant.

18. The device of claim 11, further comprising an adhesive layer disposed between the first surface of the support substrate and the top member.

19. The device of claim 11, further comprising an inlet chamber coupled to the optically confining region.

20. The device of claim 11, further comprising an outlet chamber coupled to the optically confining region.

21. A biological analysis device comprising:

a support having a via therethrough;

a chip having an array of microlocations disposed on a surface;

a top member disposed in a facing arrangement with the support, the top member being located on a side of the support that is opposite the chip;

a source of illumination; and

a waveguide having an input adapted to receive illumination from the source of illumination and terminal edge that outputs the illumination, the waveguide being disposed adjacent to the support, the illumination from the terminal edge of the waveguide being directed substantially parallel to the support and into the region bounded by the chip, the via, and the top member.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein the top member includes an optically accessible window.

23. The device of claim 21, further comprising a sealant disposed between an interface formed between the chip and the support.