Method and apparatus for multiplexing in a wireless communication infrastructure

• US 6,826,163 B2
• Filed: 11/05/2001
• Issued: 11/30/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/08/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NextG Networks
• Original Assignee: NextG Networks
• Inventors: Mani, Sanjay, Cutrer, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Duong, Frank
• Application Number:
  US10/012,208
• Publication Number:
  US 20020186674A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,121 Days
• Field of Search: 370/236.2, 370/238.1, 370/241.1, 370/310.1, 370/328, 370/330, 370/334, 370/396, 370/395.51, 370/395.52, 370/395.53, 370/400, 370/401, 370/403, 370/404, 370/405, 370/406, 370/407, 370/535, 370/536, 370/537, 455/436, 455/439, 455/422.1, 455/446, 455/447, 398/66, 398/116
• US Class Current: 370/334
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/25755 Ring network topology
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/25756 Bus network topology
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 13/00 Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/02 Wavelength-division multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0201 Add-and-drop multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0208 Interleaved arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0226 Fixed carrier allocation, e.g. according to service
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0246 using one wavelength per ONU
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0247 Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/025 using one wavelength per ONU, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0252 Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0283 WDM ring architectures
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0291 Shared protection at the optical multiplex section (1:1, n:m)
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0295 Shared protection at the optical channel (1:1, n:m)
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0297 Optical equipment protection
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0298 with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/42 Loop networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0067 Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2011/0092 Ring
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/24 Cell structures
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/10 : Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/085 : Access point devices with remote components

Abstract

A network is provided that includes a plurality of antennas coupled over the network to a plurality of base stations. The network can be optical or constructed with RF microwave links. The base stations are configured to provide cellular transmission. A plurality of links couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base stations. At least one link of the plurality of links provides multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base stations with at least a portion of the antennas.

Claims

1. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas optically coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least one multiple transmission path link of the plurality of links providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas, at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled to the at least one multiple transmission path link, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the at least one multiple transmission link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

2. The network of claim 1, wherein the cellular signals exchanged over the network are analog signals.

3. The network of claim 1, wherein the plurality of links are configured to provide multiple transmission paths by frequency division multiplexing.

4. The network of claim 3, wherein the cellular signals exchanged over the network are analog signals.

5. The network of claim 1, wherein the plurality of links are configured to provide multiple transmission paths by time division multiplexing.

6. The network of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of links included a plurality of passive optical devices.

7. The network of claim 6, wherein the plurality of passive optical devices are OADMs.

8. The network of claim 6, wherein the plurality of passive optical devices are filters.

9. The network of claim 6, wherein the plurality of passive optical devices are interleavers.

10. The network of claim 6, wherein the plurality of passive optical devices are multiplexers.

11. The network of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of links includes one or more active optical switching devices.

12. The network of claim 11, wherein one or more active optical switching devices are MEMS based switches.

13. The network of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of links includes at least one optical amplifier.

14. The network of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of the links are fixed optical paths, wherein each of a fixed optical path is a stationary optical link between one or more base transceiver stations and one or more antennas that is rerouted on a time scale much slower than that of the bit rate over the link, and so connects nodes to one another as a virtual circuit.

15. The network of claim 14 wherein the fixed optical paths connect antennas and base transceiver stations with a one-to-one correspondence.

16. The network of claim 14 wherein the fixed optical paths connect one or more antenna of the plurality of antennas to one or more base transceiver stations of the plurality of base transceiver stations.

17. The network of claim 14 wherein the optical network is configured as a hub and spoke network, wherein the plurality of base transceiver stations are located in a common node and the plurality of antennas are located at different remote nodes on the network.

18. The network of claim 17, wherein optical uplink and downlink connections are spokes connecting a common hub node and remote nodes.

19. The network of claim 1, wherein the optical network includes at least one set of nodes containing base transceiver stations or antennas connected by at least one link laid out along a segment.

20. The network of claim 1, wherein the optical network includes at least one set of nodes containing base transceiver stations or antennas connected by at least one link laid out along a ring.

21. The network of claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmission paths are configured to provide uplink transmission traveling in a first direction and downlink transmissions traveling in an opposite second direction.

22. The network of claim 1, in which at least a portion of the plurality of the multiple transmission paths are dynamic routable optical paths.

23. The network of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of the multiple transmission paths can be flexibly routed between at least one of the plurality of base transceiver stations and at least one of the plurality of antennas.

24. The network of claim 1, wherein the plurality of links are configured to provide that at least one optical link carries at least one backhaul signal from a base transceiver station of the plurality of base transceiver stations to a switch or a bridge network.

25. The network of claim 24, wherein the network is an optical network constructed to provide a direct connection to a switch location.

26. The network of claim 24, wherein backhaul signals of the plurality of base transceiver stations are aggregated into a single higher bit rate backhaul signal carried by the network.

27. The network of claim 24, wherein backhaul signals of the plurality of base transceiver stations are selected from a digital SONET, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, TCP, and T-Carrier format signal.

28. The network of claim 24, wherein non-backhaul RF signals have a large wavelength separation from the backhaul signal to minimize the effects of cross talk with a digital backhaul signal.

29. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least one link of the plurality of links configured to permit multiple operators to use the at least one link at the same time, at least one link of the plurality of links providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas, at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

30. The network of claim 29, wherein the plurality of links are configured to provide multiple transmission paths by frequency division multiplexing.

31. The network of claim 29, wherein cellular signals exchanged over the network are analog signals.

32. The network of claim 31, wherein multiple transmission paths are created with frequency division multiplexing.

33. The network of claim 32, wherein the plurality of links are configured to carry one or more backhaul signals that are frequency division multiplexed on at least one RF link from one or more base transceiver stations of the plurality of base transceiver stations to a switch or a bridge network.

34. The network of claim 29, wherein the plurality of links are configured to provide that at least one RF link carries at least one backhaul signal from a base transceiver station of the plurality of base transceiver stations to a switch or a bridge network.

35. The network of claim 34, wherein backhaul signals of the plurality of base transceiver stations are aggregated into a single higher bit rate backhaul signal carried by the network.

36. The network of claim 34, wherein backhaul signals of the plurality of base transceiver stations are selected from a digital T-carrier, SONET, STS, TCP and Gigabit Ethernet format signal.

37. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas optically coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of optical fiber links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least one link of the plurality of optical fiber links configured to permit multiple operators to use the at least one link at the same time, at least one link of the plurality of optical fiber links providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas, at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

38. The network of claim 37, wherein the plurality of links includes at least one fiber cable with a plurality of fiber strands which form multiple transmission paths.

39. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas optically coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of optical fiber links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least one link of the plurality of links providing multiple transmission paths over at least two optical wavelengths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas, at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

40. The network of claim 39, wherein cellular signals exchanged over the network are analog signals.

41. The network of claim 40, wherein additional transmission paths are created with frequency division multiplexing.

42. The network of claim 40, wherein the plurality of optical fiber links are configured to provide one or more backhaul signals frequency division multiplexed as a subcarrier on at least one optical carrier from at least one base transceiver station of the plurality of base transceiver stations to a switch or a bridge network.

43. The network of claim 39, wherein cellular signals exchanged over the network are digital signals.

44. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas optically coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of free space optical links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least a portion of the plurality of free space optical links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators;

at least one free space optical link of the plurality of free space optical links providing multiple transmission paths over at least two optical wavelengths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

45. The network of claim 44, wherein the cellular signals exchanged over the network are analog signals.

46. The network of claim 45, wherein the plurality of free space optical links are configured to provide a backhaul signal frequency division multiplexed as a subcarrier on at least one optical carrier from a base transceiver station of the plurality of base transceiver stations to a switch or a bridge network.

47. The network of claim 45, wherein additional transmission paths are created with frequency division multiplexing multiple signals onto the same optical carrier.

48. The network of claim 44, wherein cellular signals exchanged over the network are digital signals.

49. A network, comprising:

a plurality of antennas optically coupled over the network to a plurality of base transceiver stations, the base transceiver stations configured to provide cellular transmission;

a plurality of free space links that couple the plurality of antennas and the plurality of base transceiver stations, at least a portion of the plurality of free space links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators, at least one free space link of the plurality of free space links providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas,

at least one base transceiver station or antenna location being geographically remote from the network and is connected to the network with a free space link;

at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas, the OADM capable of selecting at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths; and

wherein one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passes through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas.

50. The network of claim 49, wherein cellular signals transported over the plurality of free space links are represented digitally.

51. The network of claim 49, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of free space links are RF links.

52. The network of claim 49, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of free space links are optical links.

53. The network of claim 49, wherein cellular signals transported over the plurality of free space links are represented as analog signals.

54. A method of transmission, comprising:

providing a network with a plurality of optical links that couple a plurality of antennas with a plurality of base transceiver stations, the network including at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the optical links to one of the antennas;

providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

using the OADM to select at least one wavelength transmitted on the optical link, while passing other wavelengths, one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passing through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas; and

at least a portion of the plurality of optical links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators.

55. A method of transmission, comprising:

providing a network with a plurality of links that couple a plurality of antennas with a plurality of base transceiver stations, the network including at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas;

providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

using the OADM to select at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths, one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passing through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas; and

at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators.

56. A method of transmission, comprising:

providing a network with a plurality of optical links that couple a plurality of antennas with a plurality of base transceiver stations;

the network including at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas;

providing multiple transmission paths with at least one optical link of the plurality of optical links using optical DWDM between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

using the OADM to select at least one wavelength transmitted on the optical link, while passing other wavelengths, one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passing through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas; and

at least a portion of the plurality of the optical links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein at least one optical wavelength carries OA&

M signals.

58. The method of claim 56, further comprising:

using DWDM protection techniques to provide protection or redundancy between a base transceiver station node and a remote antenna node.

59. The method of claim 58, where the protection is employed for a fiber break.

60. The method of claim 58, where the protection is employed for an equipment failure.

61. The method of claim 58 wherein the DWDM protection is provided by switching the direction of optical beam transmission to the opposite direction around a ring connecting a base transceiver station node to a remote node in the event of a problem along an original transmission path.

62. The method of claim 58 wherein the DWDM protection is provided by transmitting optical beams simultaneously in both directions around a ring connecting the base transceiver station and the remote node, so that if one side breaks, the other connection allows for continued operation.

63. A method of transmission, comprising:

providing a network with a plurality of optical links that couple a plurality of antennas with a plurality of base transceiver stations;

the network including at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas;

providing multiple transmission paths with at least one link of the plurality of links using optical DWDM between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

the DWDM wavelength carriers carrying an analog signal representative of an RF signal between the plurality of base transceiver stations and the plurality of antennas;

using the OADM to select at least one wavelength transmitted on the optical link, while passing other wavelengths, one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passing through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas; and

at least a portion of the plurality of optical links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators.

64. The method of claim 63, further comprising:

providing optical carriers at a sufficiently wide wavelength spacing to minimize effects of linear and non-linear crosstalk between optical carriers on a cellular signal being carried by the network.

65. The method of claim 63, further comprising:

placing different wireless telecommunications operators on different optical wavelengths.

66. The method of claim 63, wherein the network includes low latency optical devices for routing.

67. The method of claim 63, wherein the multiple transmission paths are created on an optical link by frequency division multiplexing different cellular signals onto a same optical carrier.

68. The method of claim 63, further comprising;

using frequency division multiplexing to carry a backhaul signal and a cellular signal on a same optical wavelength.

69. A method of transmission, comprising:

providing a network with a plurality of links that couple a plurality of antennas with a plurality of base transceiver stations, wherein at least one base transceiver station or antenna location is geographically remote from the network and is connected to the network with a free space link, the network including at least one optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) coupled by one of the links to one of the antennas; and

providing multiple transmission paths between at least a portion of the base transceiver stations with at least a portion of the antennas;

using the OADM to select at least one wavelength transmitted on the link, while passing other wavelengths, one of the transmission paths between one of the base transceiver stations and one of the antennas passing through the OADM prior to reaching the one of the antennas; and

at least a portion of the plurality of links providing optical multiplexing of multiple operators.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein the free space link is an RF link.

71. The method of claim 69, wherein the free space link is an optical link.

72. The method of claim 69, further comprising:

frequency division multiplexing multiple cellular signals onto the free space link.

73. The method of claim 69, further comprising:

transporting a digital signal over the free space link representing the cellular signal.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the digital signal is generated by digitizing a wireless band.

75. The method of claim 73, wherein the digital signal is placed in a format selected from SONET, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, TCP, and T-Carrier.

76. The method of claim 73, wherein the digital signal is multiplexed into the network without converting it back into an analog signal.

77. The method of claim 73, wherein the digital transmitted over the free space link is time division multiplexed onto the network.

78. The method of claim 77, wherein the digital signal is multiplexed onto the network with a SONET device.

79. The method of claim 69 wherein different cellular operators share the free space link using different transmission paths.

80. The method of claim 79 wherein the free space link is RF and the multiple transmission paths are provided with frequency division multiplexing.

81. The method of claim 79 wherein the free space link is optical and the multiple transmission paths are different wavelengths.