Inorganic colors and related nanotechnology

• US 6,830,822 B2
• Filed: 05/30/2003
• Issued: 12/14/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh
• Primary Examiner(s): Thile, H.
• Application Number:
  US10/449,278
• Publication Number:
  US 20030207112A1
• Time in Patent Office: 564 Days
• Field of Search: 428/402, 428/403, 428/323, 428/328, 428/329, 428/546, 428/548, 428/552, 428/567, 428/570, 428/331, 423/325, 423/326, 423/593.1, 423/594.5, 423/594.7, 423/599, 423/600, 423/617
• US Class Current: 428/552
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/06 Titanium or titanium alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00385 Printing
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0043 for direct application of reagents, e.g. through openings in a shutter
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00707 separated from the reactor apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00745 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00747 Catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0075 Metal based compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00754 Metal oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00756 Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
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• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/14 : of germanium, tin or lead
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• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 : Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3241 : Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3262 : Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3275 : Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3284 : Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3298 : Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/79 : Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/80 : Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/00 : Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition porous ceramic products C04B38/00; ceramic articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like B22D41/02; ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors H01L23/15; Ceramics compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C; shaping of ceramics B28B; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds C01; infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal C04B41/51
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/2666 : Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stannates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/56 : based on carbides or oxycarbides containing free metal binder C22C29/00
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/5611 : based on titanium carbides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/581 : based on aluminium nitride
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/009 : characterised by the material treated
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particles
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5059 : Silicon carbide
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5122 : Pd or Pt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/524 : Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/87 : Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being a metal
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• CPC Class Codes: C08K 2201/016 : Additives defined by their aspect ratio
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/08 : Metals
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• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/112 : ZnO type
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• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0045 : Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use preparation of fullerenes in general C01B32/15
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/36 : in the form of particles H01F1/346, H01F1/348 and H01F1/38 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/0246 : Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder magnetic cores made by moulding or by pressing powder H01F27/255; soft magnetic particles H01F1/20, H01F1/36
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/085 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/49883 : the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films for printed circuits H05K1/092
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/5328 : containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 : Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/3011 : Impedance
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• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2998 : including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

A pigment with modified properties because of the powder size being below 100 nanometers. Blue, yellow and brown pigments are illustrated. Nanoscale coated, un-coated, whisker inorganic fillers are included. Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric composition are disclosed. The pigment nanopowders taught comprise one or more elements from the group actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, chalcogenide, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, hydrogen, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, oxygen, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

Claims

1. A pigment composition comprising:

inorganic multimetallic nanofillers with domain size less than 50 nanometers; and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

2. A nanocomposite comprising the pigment of claim 1.

3. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise two or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

aluminum, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, copper, europium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iron, lithium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, potassium, praseodymium, silicon, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

4. The nanocomposite of claim 2 wherein the nanofillers exhibit blue color.

5. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers have been surface modified.

6. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise oxide.

7. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise nitride.

8. The nanocomposite of claim 2 wherein the nanofillers exhibit yellow color.

9. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the pigment exhibits color.

10. The pigment of claim 1 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

11. An inorganic pigment comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise bismuth and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium; and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

12. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 11.

13. A layer comprising of the nanocomposite of claim 12.

14. The inorganic pigment of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

15. The inorganic pigment of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

16. The inorganic pigment of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

17. The inorganic pigment of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

23. The inorganic pigment of claim 16 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

18. An inorganic pigment comprising;

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise of cobalt and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc; and

zirconium, and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

19. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 18.

20. A layer comprising the nanocomposite of claim 19.

21. The inorganic pigment of claim 18 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

22. The inorganic pigment of claim 18 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

24. The inorganic pigment of claim 18 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

25. An inorganic pigment comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise of aluminum and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of;

actinium, arsenic, antimony, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium; and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

26. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 25.

27. A layer comprising the nanocomposite of claim 26.

28. The inorganic pigment of claim 25 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

29. The inorganic pigment of claim 25 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

30. The inorganic pigment of claim 25 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

31. The inorganic pigment of claim 25 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

32. An inorganic pigment comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise tin and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of;

actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium, and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

33. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 32.

34. A layer comprising of the nanocomposite of claim 33.

35. The inorganic pigment of claim 32 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

36. The inorganic pigment of claim 32 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

37. The inorganic pigment of claim 32 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

38. The inorganic pigment of claim 32 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

39. An inorganic pigment comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise manganese and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of;

actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium, and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

40. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 39.

41. A layer comprising of the nanocomposite of claim 40.

42. The inorganic pigment of claim 39 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

43. The inorganic pigment of claim 39 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

44. The inorganic pigment of claim 39 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

45. The inorganic pigment of claim 39 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

46. An inorganic pigment comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise of silicon and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of;

actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium, and

wherein the nanofillers exhibits transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

47. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 46.

48. A layer comprising of the nanocomposite of claim 47.

49. The inorganic pigment of claim 46 wherein the nanopowders comprise two additional metals from the preferred group.

50. The inorganic pigment of claim 46 wherein the nanopowders comprise three or more additional metals from the preferred group.

51. The inorganic pigment of claim 46 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

52. The inorganic pigment of claim 46 wherein the nanopowders have been reduced to a non-stoichiometric composition.

53. An inorganic pigment nanofiller comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers,

wherein the nanopowders comprise nitrogen and at least one additional element selected from a preferred group,

wherein the preferred group consists of;

actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

54. A nanocomposite prepared from the inorganic pigment of claim 53.