Synchronous compensator plant

• US 6,831,388 B1
• Filed: 03/25/1998
• Issued: 12/14/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ABB AB (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB AB (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Leijon, Mats, Berggren, Bertil
• Primary Examiner(s): MULLINS, BURTON S
• Application Number:
  US08/973,017
• Time in Patent Office: 2,456 Days
• Field of Search: 310/179, 310/180, 310/184, 310/195-196, 310/198-208, 310/213, 310/45, 310/234, 174/DIG-13-, 174/102.SC, 174/106.SC, 290/1.R, 361/130
• US Class Current: 310/196
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2027/2833 using coaxial cable as wire
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2027/329 Insulation with semiconducting layer, e.g. to reduce corona effect
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2029/143 with control winding for generating magnetic bias
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/288 Shielding
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/323 Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/34 Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 29/14 with variable magnetic bias amplitude modulation by means of variable impedance element H03C1/08 ; magnetic amplifiers H03F; circuits for automatic telephonic communication H04M3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 3/10 Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 3/14 Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps in magnetic shunt paths H01F3/12
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/025 Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 1/165 Shape, form or location of the slots
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 11/05 Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 15/00 Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 15/12 Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 2203/15 Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/14 with transposed conductors, e.g. twisted conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/28 Layout of windings or of connections between windings windings for pole-changing H02K17/06, H02K17/14, H02K19/12, H02K19/32
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/40 for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/48 in slots
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/13 High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/14 : having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/15 : in a power generation system, e.g. prime-mover dynamo, generator system
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/17 : in an electric power conversion, regulation, or protection system
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/19 : in a dynamo-electric machine
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/20 : Stator
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/22 : Winding per se
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/24 : in an inductive device, e.g. reactor, electromagnet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/25 : Transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/26 : having a plural-layer insulation system
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/28 : Plural semiconductive layers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/29 : having a semiconductive layer

Abstract

The magnetic circuit of synchronous compensator plant is included in an electric machine which is directly connected to a high supply voltage of 20-800 kV, preferably higher than 36 kV. The electric machine is provided with solid insulation and its winding(s) is/are built up of a cable (6) intended for high voltage comprising one or more current-carrying conductors (31) with a number of strands (36) surrounded by at least one outer and one inner semiconducting layer (34, 32) and intermediate insulating layers (33). The outer semiconducting layer (34) is at earth potential. The phases of the winding are Y-connected, and the Y-point may be insulated and protected from over-voltage by means of surge arresters, or else the Y-point is earthed via a suppression filter. A procedure is used in the manufacture of a synchronous compensator for such plant, in which the cable used is threaded into the openings in the core for the magnetic circuit of the synchronous compensator.

Claims

1. A synchronous compensator plant comprising at least one rotating electric machine including at least one flexible winding, wherein the winding comprises a conductor and an insulation system surrounding the conductor including at least one semiconducting layer forming an equipotential surface around the conductor and a solid insulation layer wherein the current carrying conductor comprises a plurality of insulated conductive strands, and at least one uninsulated conductive strand.

2. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the layers and the solid insulation form a monolithic structure having substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

3. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winding comprises a high voltage cable.

4. The plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least one semiconducting layer comprises an inner semiconducting layer is in electrical contact with and at substantially the same potential as the conductor.

5. The plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least two of said layers form a monolithic structure and have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

6. The plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cable with solid insulation intended for high voltage have a conductor area of about between 30 and 3000 mm2 and have an outer cable diameter of about between 20 and 250.

7. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one semiconducting layer comprises an outer semiconducting layer connected to a selected potential.

8. The plant as claimed in claim 7, wherein the selected potential is earth potential.

9. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winding comprises a cable and the at least one semiconducting layer includes an inner semiconducting layer and an outermost semiconducting layer being arranged around each conductor, and an insulating layer of solid insulation being arranged between the inner semiconducting layer and the outermost semiconducting layer.

10. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machine has a magnetic circuit including a cooled stator operative at earth potential.

11. The plant as claimed in claim 10, wherein the electrical machine comprises a generator including a rotor.

12. The plant as claimed in claim 11, wherein the machine is connectable to a local power supply for starting said machine.

13. The plant as claimed in claim 11, wherein the machine has two or more poles.

14. The plant as claimed in claim 13, wherein the rotor and the stator are so dimensioned that at nominal voltage, nominal power factor and overexcited operation, the thermally based current limits of stator and rotor are exceeded approximately simultaneously.

15. The plant as claimed in claim 14, wherein it has 100% overload capacity at nominal voltage, nominal power factor and at over-excited operation.

16. The plant as claimed in claim 13, wherein the rotor and the stator are so dimensioned that at nominal voltage, nominal power factor and over-excited operation, the thermally based stator current limit is exceeded before the thermally based rotor current limit has been exceeded.

17. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical machine includes a magnetic circuit comprising a stator having a central axis and at least one slot and a stator winding located in the slot, said slot having a number of cylindrical openings each having a central axis parallel with the central axis of the stator and being disposed in the slot radially adjacent each other, each cylindrical opening having a substantially circular cross section and being separated by narrow waist parts therebetween.

18. The plant as claimed in claim 17, wherein the machine comprises a generator having a rotor and the stator including a yoke and the circular cross section of the substantially cylindrical openings for the stator winding has a decreasing radius seen from the yoke towards the rotor.

19. The plant as claimed in claim 17, wherein the stator winding has three phases and the phases of said stator winding are Y-connected.

20. The plant as claimed in claim 19, wherein the stator winding includes a Y-point insulated from earth potential or connected to earth potential via a high-ohmic impedance and protected from over-voltages by means of surge arresters.

21. The plant as claimed in claim 19, wherein the Y-point of the stator winding is earthed via a suppression filter of third harmonic type, which suppression filter is designed to greatly reduce or eliminate third harmonic currents in the electric machine and for limiting voltages and currents in the event of faults in the plant.

22. The plant as claimed in claim 21, wherein the suppression filter is protected from over-voltages by means of surge arresters, the latter being connected in parallel with the suppression filter.

23. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one rotating electric machine has a high voltage side and a Y-point, and wherein the insulation seen insulation system has a thickness which decreases from the high voltage side towards the Y-point.

24. The plant as claimed in claim 23, wherein the gradual decrease in the insulation thickness is stepwise or continuous.

25. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance is considerably less than the direct-axis synchronous reactance.

26. The plant as claimed in claim 25, wherein the machine is includes an excitation system for enabling both positive and negative excitation.

27. The plant as claimed in claim 1, comprising stator and rotor circuits and cooling means therefor in which the coolant is in liquid and/or gaseous form.

28. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machine is arranged for connection to several different voltage levels.

29. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machine is connected to the power network without any step-up transformer.

30. The plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winding of the machine is arranged for self-regulating field control.

31. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 1, wherein the insulation system has thermal and electrical properties, which permit a voltage level in the machine exceeding 36 kV.

32. A synchronous compensator plant including a rotating high voltage electric machine comprising a stator;

a rotor and a flexible winding, wherein said winding comprises a cable including at least one current-carrying conductor including a plurality of insulated strands and a lesser plurality of uninsulated strands and a cover surrounding the conductor in electrical contact therewith, including an inner layer surrounding the conductor and being in electrical contact therewith; and

an insulating layer surrounding the inner layer; and

an outer semiconducting layer surrounding the insulating layer, said cable forming at least one uninterrupted turn in the corresponding winding of said machine.

33. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the cover comprises an insulating layer surrounding the conductor and an outer layer surrounding the insulating layer, said outer layer having a conductivity for establishing an equipotential surface around the conductor.

34. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the cover is formed of a plurality of layers including an insulating layer and wherein said plurality of layers are joined together to form a monolithic structure and being substantially free of cracks and defects.

35. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the cover is in electrical contact with the conductor.

36. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 35, wherein the layers of the cover have substantially the same temperature coefficient of expansion.

37. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the machine is operable at 100% overload for two hours.

38. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the cable is operable free of sensible end winding loss.

39. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the winding is operable free of partial discharge and field control.

40. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the winding comprises multiple uninterrupted turns.

41. The synchronous compensator plant of claim 32, wherein the cover is flexible.

42. The sychronous compensator plant comprising at least one rotating electric machine including at least one flexible winding, wherein the winding comprises a current carrying conductor and an insulation system surrounding the conductor including at least one semiconducting layer forming an equipotential surface around the conductor and a solid insulation layer, and wherein the machine is arranged for connection to several different voltage levels wherein the current carrying conductor comprises a plurality of insulated conductive strands, and at least one uninsulated conductive strand.