Switching power supply, and a method of driving the same

• US 6,842,353 B2
• Filed: 05/27/2004
• Issued: 01/11/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sanken Electric Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Sanken Electric Company Limited
• Inventors: Simada, Masaaki, Yamada, Tomoyasu
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US10/855,030
• Publication Number:
  US 20040218410A1
• Time in Patent Office: 229 Days
• Field of Search: 363/80, 363/81, 363/89, 363/95, 363/97, 323/271
• US Class Current: 363/89
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0006 Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4225 using a non-isolated boost converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching power supply comprising an a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for connection to a source of commercial alternating current, and a d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for translating the d.c. output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter into desired d.c. voltage for application to a load. The d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit is set into operation only after the output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit has built up sufficiently, in order to preclude instability in the output voltage of the power supply during a startup period.

Claims

1. A switching power supply capable of translating a.c. voltage into d.c. voltage, comprising:

(a) a pair of a.c. input terminals for inputting a.c. voltage having a known frequency;

(b) an a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit connected to the pair of a.c. input terminals for translating the input a.c. voltage into d.c. voltage, the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit having power factor improvement means including an a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch;

(c) a first switch control circuit connected to the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch for driving the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch at a repetition frequency higher than the frequency of the input a.c. voltage;

(d) a d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit connected to the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for translating the d.c. voltage output of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit into desired d.c. voltage, the d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit having a d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch;

(e) a second switch control circuit connected to the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch for driving the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch at a repetition frequency higher than the frequency of the input a.c. voltage;

(f) a voltage detector circuit connected to the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for providing a voltage output indicative of the d.c. voltage output from the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit;

(g) a voltage decision circuit connected to the voltage detector circuit for ascertaining whether the voltage output of the voltage detector circuit is higher than a predefined value or not; and

(h) a starter circuit connected to the voltage decision circuit and the second switch control circuit for causing the second switch control circuit to start driving the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch when the voltage output from the voltage detector circuit grows higher than the predefined value.

2. The switching power supply of claim 1 wherein the the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit comprises:

(a) a rectifier circuit having a pair of input terminals connected to the pair of a.c. input terminals and a pair of output terminals for providing a rectification voltage of the input a.c. voltage;

(b) an inductor;

(c) an a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch connected between the pair of output terminals of the rectifier circuit via the inductor;

(d) a rectifier; and

(e) a smoothing capacitor connected in parallel with the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch via the rectifier.

3. The switching power supply of claim 2 wherein the d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit comprises:

(a) a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;

(b) a d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch connected between the pair of terminals of the smoothing capacitor via the primary winding of the transformer; and

(c) a rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the secondary winding of the transformer for providing d.c. output voltage.

4. The switching power supply of claim 3 further comprising a control voltage generator circuit for feeding the first and the second switch control circuit.

5. The switching power supply of claim 4 wherein the control voltage generator circuit comprises:

(a) a tertiary winding of the transformer electromagnetically coupled to the primary and the secondary winding thereof; and

(b) a rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the transformer tertiary.

6. The switching power supply of claim 1 wherein the voltage decision circuit comprises:

(a) a source of reference voltage for generating a reference voltage as the predefined value; and

(b) a comparator having inputs connected to the voltage detector circuit and the reference voltage source for comparing the voltage output from the voltage detector circuit with the reference voltage.

7. The switching power supply of claim 6 wherein the voltage decision circuit further comprises means for holding the output from the comparator when the comparator indicates that the output from the voltage detector circuit is higher than the reference voltage.

8. The switching power supply of claim 7 wherein the voltage decision circuit further comprises means for resetting the holding means when the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit starts inputting the a.c. voltage.

9. The switching power supply of claim 4 wherein the starter circuit comprises a starter switch connected to the control voltage generator circuit and the second switch control circuit and the voltage decision circuit, for initiating power delivery from the control voltage generator circuit to the second switch control circuit when the output voltage of the voltage detector circuit grows higher than the predefined value.

10. The switching power supply of claim 9 wherein the starter switch is adapted to remain conductive following conduction in response to the output from the voltage decision circuit indicative of the fact that the output voltage of the voltage detector circuit has grown higher than the predefined value.

11. The switching power supply of claim 1 wherein the first switch control circuit is adapted to start creation of a signal for driving the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch earlier than the second switch control circuit starts creation of a signal for driving the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch.

12. The switching power supply of claim 1 wherein the first switch control circuit comprises voltage control means for holding constant the output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit, the voltage control means being connected to the voltage detector circuit.

13. The switching power supply of claim 2 wherein the first switch control circuit comprises:

(a) a source of reference voltage for generating a reference voltage;

(b) a differential amplifier having inputs connected to the voltage detector circuit and the reference voltage source for providing an output indicative of the difference between the reference voltage and the output of the voltage detector circuit;

(c) voltage detector means connected to the input terminals or the output terminals of the rectifier circuit;

(d) compensation means connected to the differential amplifier and the voltage detector means for compensating the output of the voltage detector means by the output of the differential amplifier;

(e) current detector means for providing a voltage output indicative of the magnitude of the current through the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch;

(f) a comparator connected to the compensation means and the current detector means for providing an output indicative of the moment the output voltage of the current detector means reaches the output voltage of the compensation means;

(g) inductor voltage detector means coupled to the inductor;

(h) an a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch conduction-initiating circuit connected to the inductor voltage detector means for providing an output indicative of the moments of initiation of conduction of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch when the output of the inductor voltage detector means indicates of the moments of completion of energy release from the inductor; and

(i) switching pulse generator means connected to the comparator and the conduction-initiating circuit for creating a series of switching pulses for on-off control of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch, each switching pulse lasting from the moment of completion of energy release from the inductor to the moment the output voltage of the current detector means reaches the output voltage of the compensation means.

14. The switching power supply of claim 2 wherein the first switch control circuit comprises:

(a) a source of reference voltage for generating a reference voltage;

(b) a differential amplifier having inputs connected to the voltage detector circuit and the reference voltage source for providing an output indicative of the difference between the reference voltage and the output of the voltage detector circuit;

(c) voltage detector means connected to the input terminals or the output terminals of the rectifier circuit;

(d) compensation means connected to the differential amplifier and the voltage detector means for compensating the output of the voltage detector means by the output of the differential amplifier;

(e) current detector means for providing a voltage output indicative of the magnitude of the current associated with the rectifier circuit;

(f) a subtracter connected to the compensation means and the current detector means for providing an output indicative of the difference between the outputs therefrom;

(g) a periodic wave generator for generating a periodic wave with a repetition frequency higher than the frequency of the input a.c. voltage; and

(h) a comparator connected to the subtracter and the periodic wave generator for creating a series of switching pulses for on-off control of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch by comparison of the subtracter output and the periodic wave.

15. The switching power supply of claim 3 wherein the second switch control circuit comprises:

(a) output voltage detector means coupled to the rectifying and smoothing circuit for providing a voltage output indicative of the d.c. output voltage of the rectifying and smoothing circuit;

(b) a periodic wave generator for generating a periodic wave; and

(c) a comparator connected to the output voltage detector means and the periodic wave generator for creating a series of switching pulses for on-off control of the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch by comparison of the output voltage of the output voltage detector means and the periodic wave.

16. In a switching power supply comprising an a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for translating input a.c. voltage into d.c. voltage, the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit having power factor improvement means including an a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch, a first switch control circuit for on-off control of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch with a repetition frequency higher than the frequency of the input a.c. voltage, a d.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit for translating the d.c. output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit into desired d.c. voltage, and a second switch control circuit for on-off control of a d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch with a repetition frequency higher than the frequency of the input a.c., a method of driving the switching power supply which comprises:

(a) detecting the output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit;

(b) comparing the detected output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit with a predefined value;

(c) starting the on-off control of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter switch by the first switch control circuit; and

(d) starting the on-off control of the d.c.-to-d.c. converter switch by the second switch control circuit when the detected output voltage of the a.c.-to-d.c. converter circuit proves higher than the predefined value.