Method, system and apparatus for balanced frequency up-conversion of a baseband signal and 4-phase receiver and transceiver embodiments

• US 6,853,690 B1
• Filed: 03/14/2000
• Issued: 02/08/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc.
• Inventors: Cook, Robert W., Rawlins, Gregory S., Bultman, Michael J., Sorrells, David F., Moses, Charley D. Jr., Looke, Richard C., Rawlins, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): PHU, PHUONG M
• Application Number:
  US09/525,615
• Time in Patent Office: 1,792 Days
• Field of Search: 375295-296, 375/298, 375309-312, 375/256, 375/259, 375/268, 455/118, 455/323, 455/313, 455/76, 455/91
• US Class Current: 375/295
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/40 using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 3/006 by sampling the oscillations and further processing the samples, e.g. by computing techniques H03D3/007 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/00 Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing H03D9/00, H03D11/00 take precedence; dielectric amplifiers, magnetic amplifiers, parametric amplifiers used as a frequency-changers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0475 with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03 Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks

Abstract

A balanced transmitter up-converts a baseband signal directly from baseband-to-RF. The up-conversion process is sufficiently linear that no IF processing is required, even in communications applications that have stringent requirements on spectral growth. In operation, the balanced modulator sub-harmonically samples the baseband signal in a balanced and differential manner, resulting in harmonically rich signal. The harmonically rich signal contains multiple harmonic images that repeat at multiples of the sampling frequency, where each harmonic contains the necessary information to reconstruct the baseband signal. The differential sampling is performed according to a first and second control signals that are phase shifted with respect to each other. In embodiments of the invention, the control signals have pulse widths (or apertures) that operate to improve energy transfer to a desired harmonic in the harmonically rich signal. A bandpass filter can then be utilized to select the desired harmonic of interest from the harmonically rich signal. The sampling modules that perform the sampling can be configured in either a series or a shunt configuration. In embodiments of the invention, DC offset voltages are minimized between the sampling modules to minimize or prevent carrier insertion into the harmonic images.

Claims

1. A method of up-converting a baseband signal, comprising the steps of:

(1) receiving a baseband signal and an inverted baseband signal;

(2) adding a common reference voltage to the baseband signal and the inverted baseband signal, to generate a first combined signal and a second combined signal, respectively;

(2) shunting said first combined signal to ground according to a first control signal to generate a first harmonically rich signal;

(3) shunting said second combined signal to ground according to said second control signal to generate a second harmonically rich signal, wherein said second control signal is phase shifted approximately 180 degrees relative to said first control signal so that second combined signal is not shunted to ground simultaneous with said first combined signal; and

(4) combining said first harmonically rich signal and said second harmonically rich signal to generate a third harmonically rich signal having harmonic images that are representative of said baseband signal;

wherein said pulses of said first and second control signals have a pulse width of T_A, and wherein an amplitude of said harmonics in said third harmonically rich signal are based on n*(T_A/T_S), where T_S is a period of said first and second control signal, and n is a harmonic number of said harmonic.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said pulses of said first and second control signals have a pulse width of T_A, and wherein an amplitude of said harmonics in said third harmonically rich signal are represented by the following equation:

${\mathrm{Amp}}_n=\left[\frac{4<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\frac{n<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>T_A}{T_s}\right)·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\frac{n<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}}{2}\right)}{n<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}}\right]$

 

wherein;

T_S=period of said first and second control signals;

T_A=pulse width of said first and second control signals; and

n=harmonic number of said harmonic image whose amplitude is determined.

3. An apparatus for transmitting a baseband signal, said apparatus comprising:

a buffer/inverter, for receiving said baseband signal and generating an inverted baseband signal;

a first controlled switch, coupled to an output of said buffer/inverter, said first controlled switch shunting said baseband signal to ground according to a first control signal, and resulting in a first harmonically rich signal;

a second controlled switch, coupled to a second output of said buffer/inverter, said second controlled switch shunting said inverted baseband signal to ground according to a second control signal, and resulting in a second harmonically rich signal; and

a combiner, coupled to an output of said first controlled switch and an output of said second controlled switch, said combiner combining said first harmonically rich signal and said second harmonically rich signal, resulting in an third harmonically rich signal;

wherein said first control signal and said second control signal comprises pulses having a pulse width T_A;

wherein said first control signal and said second control signal are phase shifted with respect to each other.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

said first controlled switch comprises a first field effect transistor (FET), a gate of said first FET coupled to said first control signal, a source of said first FET receiving said baseband signal and outputting said first harmonically rich signal, and a drain of said first FET coupled to ground; and

said second controlled switch comprises a second field effect transistor (FET), a gate of said second FET coupled to said second control signal, a source of said second FET receiving said inverted baseband signal and outputting said second harmonically rich signal, and a drain of said second FET coupled to ground.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said first FET and said second FET alternately shunt said baseband signal baseband and said inverted baseband signal to ground, respectively, according to said first control signal and said second control signal, to generate said harmonically rich signals.