Polymer nanocomposite implants with enhanced transparency and mechanical properties for administration within humans or animals

• US 6,855,749 B1
• Filed: 05/30/2003
• Issued: 02/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Kostelecky, Clayton
• Primary Examiner(s): Wyrozebski, Kat
• Application Number:
  US10/449,281
• Time in Patent Office: 627 Days
• Field of Search: 523/105, 523/109, 523/113, 523/114, 523/115, 523/116, 523/117, 523/120
• US Class Current: 523/105
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 1/12 capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray having selectively-effective outlets B05B1/16
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/09 Mixtures of metallic powders
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/13 Use of plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 9/12 starting from gaseous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/58 comprising fillers only , e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres B29C70/025 takes precedence, agglomerating hollow spheres to produce synthetic foam B29C70/66; compounding ingredients per se C08K
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/145 : After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 19/007 : Tellurides or selenides of metals C01B19/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/062 : with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 35/04 : Metal borides
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 11/06 : of carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 5/06 : by thermal decomposition of magnesium compounds calcining magnesite or dolomite C04B2/10
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 23/006 : Alkaline earth titanates
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 41/02 : Oxides; Hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 53/006 : Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen nickelates C01G53/40
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/01 : depicted by a TEM-image
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/02 : Amorphous compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/34 : perovskite-type (ABO3)
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/60 : Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/72 : by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/03 : obtained by SEM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/38 : cube-like
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/51 : Particles with a specific particle size distribution
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/54 : Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/61 : Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/10 : Solid density
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/12 : Surface area
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/40 : Electric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/60 : Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2/10 : Preheating, burning calcining or cooling decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials C04B7/43; obtaining CaO or MgO otherwise than by thermal decomposition of the corresponding carbonates C01F11/02, C01F5/02
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 20/0004 : Microcomposites or nanocomposites, e.g. composite particles obtained by polymerising monomers onto inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 2201/011 : Nanostructured additives
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/08 : Metals
• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/00 : Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers tenebrescent materials C09K9/00; luminescent materials C09K11/00; Preparation of carbon black
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/112 : ZnO type
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0054 : Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0063 : in a non-magnetic matrix, e.g. granular solids granular films H01F10/007
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/085 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9066 : of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1213 : characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1246 : the electrolyte consisting of oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1253 : the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 40/40 : Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposite implants with nanofillers and additives are described. The nanofillers described can be any composition with the preferred composition being those composing barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium. The additives can be of any composition with the preferred form being inorganic nanopowders comprising aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium. Such nanocomposites are particularly useful as materials for biological use in applications such as drug delivery, biomed devices, bone or dental implants.

Claims

1. A nanocomposite for administration in a human or animal comprising:

an acrylate matrix;

nanofillers comprising one or more elements selected from the group;

barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium;

wherein the nanofillers have a domain size less than 100 nanometers;

wherein the nanofillers are mixed into the acrylate matrix at a loading of less than 80 volume percent to form a nanocomposite; and

wherein the composite exhibits a transparency to light that differs by more than 20% as compared with the transparency to light exhibited by a composite of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

2. The nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein secondary species are added to the matrix.

3. The nanocomposite of claim 2 wherein the secondary species comprise dispersants, binders, modifiers, detergents, and additives.

4. The nanocomposite of claim 3 wherein the additives comprise nanopowders.

5. The nanocomposite of claim 4 wherein the nanopowders comprise at least one element selected from the group:

aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium, and boron.

6. The nanocomposite of claim 4 wherein the nanopowders have a composition that comprises two or more elements selected from the group;

aluminum, barium, calcium, cerium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium, tin, zirconium, carbon, oxygen and boron.

7. The nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers are coated.

12. A product incorporating the nanocomposite of claim 1.

14. An implant for administration in a human or animal comprising the nanocomposite of claim 1.

8. A nanocomposite for administration in a human or animal comprising:

a polymer matrix;

nanofillers comprising one or more elements selected from the group;

barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium;

a secondary species comprising metal oxide nanopowder additives;

wherein the nanopowder additives comprise at least one element selected from the group consisting of;

aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium, carbon, oxygen and boron;

wherein the nanofillers have a domain size less than 100 nanometers; and

wherein the nanofillers are mixed into the polymer matrix at a loading of less than 95 volume percent to form a nanocomposite.

9. The nanocomposite of claim 8 wherein the nanofillers are surface treated.

10. The nanocomposite of claim 9 wherein the surface treatment comprises treatment of the nanofillers with acid or base.

11. The nanocomposite of claim 8 wherein the nanofillers are coated.

13. A product incorporating the nanocomposite of claim 8.

15. An implant for administration in a human or animal comprising the nanocomposite of claim 8.

16. A nanocomposite for administration in a human or animal comprising:

a polymer matrix;

oxide nanofillers comprising two or more elements selected from the group;

barium, strontium, yttrium, tantalum, tin, titanium, silver, aluminum, silicon, zinc and zirconium;

wherein the nanofillers have a domain size less than 100 nanometers; and

wherein the nanofillers are mixed into the polymer matrix at a loading of less than 95 volume percent to form a nanocomposite.