Variable speed wind turbine having a passive grid side rectifier with scalar power control and dependent pitch control

• US 6,856,040 B2
• Filed: 06/01/2004
• Issued: 02/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Original Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Inventors: Andresen, Björn, Feddersen, Lorenz, Siebenthaler, Eckardt
• Primary Examiner(s): Ponomarenko, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US10/858,718
• Publication Number:
  US 20040217595A1
• Time in Patent Office: 259 Days
• Field of Search: 290/44, 290/43, 290/54, 290/55, 322/29, 322/32, 363/13, 363/157, 363/159
• US Class Current: 290/44
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 15/10 using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0224 Adjusting blade pitch
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/1016 in variable speed operation
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/20 to optimise the performance of a machine
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/32 Wind speeds
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/327 Rotor or generator speeds
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/328 Blade pitch angle
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/337 Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/705 proportional-integral
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2101/15 for wind-driven turbines
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/04 Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

A variable speed wind turbine having a passive grid side rectifier using scalar power control and dependent pitch control is disclosed. The variable speed turbine may include an electrical generator to provide power for a power grid and a power conversion system coupled to the electrical generator. The power conversion system may include at least one passive grid side rectifier. The power conversion system may provide power to the electrical generator using the passive grid side rectifier. The variable speed wind turbine may also use scalar power control to provide more precise control of electrical quantities on the power grid. The variable speed wind turbine may further use dependent pitch control to improve responsiveness of the wind turbine.

Claims

1. A variable speed wind turbine comprising:

means for generating power to a power grid;

a power conversion system to provide power from the power grid to the means for generating power at below synchronous speed and to dissipate excess power from the means for generating power at above synchronous speed; and

a controller coupled to the power conversion system to control the power conversion system and to provide power control for the means for generating power.

2. A system comprising:

a generator side converter;

a direct current (DC) link coupled to the generator side converter;

a power dissipating element coupled to the DC link to selectively dissipate excess power from a generator; and

a passive grid side rectifier to convert fixed frequency alternating current (AC) signals from a power grid to DC voltage,

wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the generator side converter via the DC link and the generator side converter is to convert the DC voltage into variable frequency AC signals for the generator.

3. A power conversion method comprising:

receiving power flow from a power generator;

determining if the power generator is operating at below or above synchronous speed;

directing the received power flow to the power generator if the power generator is determined to be operating at below synchronous speed; and

dissipating excess power from the received power flow if the power generator is determined to be operating at above synchronous speed.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein directing the received power includes converting DC voltage signals into variable frequency AC signals and directing the AC signals to the power generator.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein dissipating excess power includes converting variable frequency AC signals from the power generator into DC voltage signals and directing the DC voltage signals away from the power generator.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein dissipating excess power includes dissipating excess power generated from the DC voltage signals.

7. A variable speed wind turbine comprising:

a electrical generator connected to wind blades for generating electrical power; and

a power converter coupled to the electrical generator and to control the generated electrical power, the power converter including a generator side converter, a DC link, a power dissipating element, and a passive grid side rectifier, and

wherein the active side generator converts DC voltage signals from the DC link into variable frequency AC signals that are supplied to the electrical generator or converts variable frequency AC signals from the electrical generator to DC voltage signals that are supplied to the DC link and wherein the power dissipating element dissipates excess power from the DC voltage signals generated by the generator side converter.

8. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 7, wherein the generator side converter converts DC voltage signals from the DC link into variable frequency AC signals if the electrical generator is operating at below synchronous speed.

9. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 7, wherein the generator side converter converts variable frequency AC signals from the electrical generator to DC voltage signals that are supplied to the DC link if the electrical generator is operating at above synchronous speed.

10. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 7, wherein the dissipating element dissipates excess power if the excess power is above a threshold.

11. A power conversion method comprising:

sensing a voltage level on a DC link of a power converter;

determining if the sensed voltage level exceeds a threshold; and

activating a power dissipating element in the power converter to dissipate any excess generated power if the sensed voltage level is determined to exceed the threshold.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining if the sensed voltage level does not exceed the threshold; and

deactivating the power dissipating element in the power converter if the sensed voltage level is not determined to exceed the threshold.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the threshold determines if the power converter is operating above or below synchronous speed.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising adjusting the threshold.

15. A variable speed wind turbine comprising:

a electrical generator connected to wind blades for generating electrical power;

a power converter coupled to the electrical generator and to control the generated electrical power, the power converter having at least a DC link and a power dissipating element; and

a controller to sense a voltage level on a DC link of a power converter, to determine if the sensed voltage level exceeds a threshold, and to activate the power dissipating element in the power converter to dissipate any excess generated power if the sensed voltage level is determined to exceed the threshold.

16. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 15, the controller determines if the sensed voltage level does not exceed the threshold and deactivates the power dissipating element in the power converter if the sensed voltage level is not determined to exceed the threshold.

17. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 16, wherein the controller determines if the power converter is operating above or below synchronous speed based on the threshold.

18. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 17, wherein the controller adjusts the threshold.

19. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 15, wherein the power dissipating element includes a switch and a burn off resistor.

20. The variable speed wind turbine of claim 19, wherein the controller turns on the switch if the sensed voltage level is determined to exceed the threshold such that excess power is dissipated in the burn off resistor.