Multi-layer microfluidic devices

• US 6,857,449 B1
• Filed: 09/30/2003
• Issued: 02/22/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Caliper Life Sciences Incorporated (Revvity, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Caliper Life Sciences Incorporated (Revvity, Inc.)
• Inventors: Chow, Calvin Y. H.
• Primary Examiner(s): CHAMBERS, A MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US10/675,567
• Time in Patent Office: 511 Days
• Field of Search: 137/833, 137/554, 137/557, 204/601, 251/367
• US Class Current: 137/833
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00351 Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00587 High throughput processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00702 Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0864 comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0874 Three dimensional network
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0887 Laminated structure
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0415 electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B81B 1/004 Through-holes, i.e. extending from one face to the other face of the wafer
• CPC Class Codes: B81B 2201/0214 Biosensors; Chemical sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B81B 2201/058 Microfluidics not provided for in B81B2201/051 - B81B2201/054
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2224 Structure of body of device
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/8242 Electrical
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/8326 Fluid pressure responsive indicator, recorder or alarm

Abstract

The present invention provides multi-layer microfluidic systems, by providing additional substrate layers, e.g., third, fourth, fifth and more substrate layers, mated with the typically described first and second layers. Microfabricated elements, e.g., grooves, wells and the like, are manufactured into the surfaces between the various substrate layers. These microfabricated elements define the various microfluidic aspects or structures of the overall device, e.g., channels, chambers and the like. In preferred aspects, a separate microscale channel network is provided between each of the substrate layers.

Claims

1. A microfluidic system comprising:

a body structure comprising at least first, second and third substrate layers, the second substrate layer being disposed between the first and third substrate layers;

at least first and second microfluidic channels disposed in the second substrate layer, wherein the at least first and second channels intersect at an intersection;

at least a first port disposed through the first substrate layer, the at least first port being fluidly coupled to at least one of the first and second microfluidic channels;

a material transport system which is configured to controllably direct material flow through the intersection; and

a detector disposed in sensory communication with a detection region associated with at least the first microfluidic channel which detector is configured to detect a detectable signal emitted from the first microfluidic channel.

2. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein said detection region comprises a detection window which is capable of transmitting a detectable signal emitted from the first microfluidic channel to the detector.

3. The microfluidic system of claim 1, further comprising at least a fourth substrate layer mated to the first or third substrate layer.

4. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein the at least first and second microfluidic channels have at least one cross-sectional dimension between about 0.1 and 200 microns.

5. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein the at least first and second microfluidic channels have at least one cross-sectional dimension between about 0.1 and 100 microns.

6. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second and third substrate layers is made from a polymeric material.

7. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second and third substrate layers is made from glass.

8. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third substrate layers are mated together with an adhesive.

9. The microfluidic system of claim 1, further comprising at least a second port disposed through both the second substrate layer and the first substrate layer and which is fluidly coupled to one of the first and second microfluidic channels.

10. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein the at least first port is disposed through the first substrate layer but not through the second substrate layer.

11. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein the at least first port is disposed through both the first and second substrate layers.

12. The microfluidic system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of ports disposed through the first substrate layer.

13. The microfluidic system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of ports disposed through the first substrate layer, at least one of the plurality of ports not being fluidly coupled to either the first or second microfluidic channels.

14. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein said material transport system comprises a pressure-based material transport system.

15. The microfluidic system of claim 1, wherein said material transport system comprises an electrokinetic material transport system.

16. The microfluidic system of claim 1, further comprising detection means associated with said body structure for detecting a detectable signal from the at least first microfluidic channel or for transmitting a detectable signal from the at least first microfluidic channel.

17. The microfluidic system of claim 16, wherein said detection means comprises at least one of the following located within sensory communication of at least the first microfluidic channel:

an optical sensor, an electrochemical sensor, a pressure sensor, and a pH sensor.