Detection of impulse noise using unused codes in CDMA systems

• US 6,859,488 B2
• Filed: 09/25/2002
• Issued: 02/22/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ARRIS Enterprises LLC (CommScope Holding Company, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Terayon Communications Systems Incorporated (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gu, Zhenzhong, Azenkot, Yehuda, Rakib, Selim Shlomo
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): WARE, CICELY Q
• Application Number:
  US10/255,286
• Publication Number:
  US 20040057502A1
• Time in Patent Office: 881 Days
• Field of Search: 375/254, 375/147, 370/342, 704/222, 704/233
• US Class Current: 375/147
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7097 Interference-related aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0045 Arrangements at the receiver end

Abstract

An impulse detector which can detect both low and high levels of impulse noise in a CDMA system is comprised of circuitry to calculate the background noise level in unused codes. Another circuit calculates the average noise power in the unused codes of each spreading interval to output the noise power per spreading interval. This average is continuously averaged over spreading intervals by another circuit which outputs the average background noise power. A comparator compares the noise power in the current spreading interval with the background noise power plus a programmable threshold and generates an erasure indication if the background noise power plus a discrimination threshold is exceeded.

Claims

1. A method of detecting low power impulse noise in a synchronous code division multiple access spread spectrum digital data transmission used for transmitting data between a plurality of cable modems and a cable modem termination system, comprising the steps:

a) determining the background noise power by determining the noise power received on null service identifiers (SIDs) codes and/or unassigned codes over a plurality of spreading intervals of synchronous code division multiple access transmission;

b) receiving the symbols transmitted using assigned spreading codes during a spreading interval of a synchronous code division multiple access frame, and determining the noise power level during said spreading interval in by determining noise power received on null SID codes and/or in null symbols of a received symbols vector which correspond to symbols of an information vector which would have had their spectrum spread in a cable modem by unassigned codes during said spreading interval had the values of said null symbols in said information vector not been set to zero, said received symbols vector resulting from matrix multiplication of a received result vector times the transpose of a code matrix which was used in said cable modems to spread the spectrum of symbols in said information vector to be transmitted to said cable modem termination system during said spreading interval; and

c) comparing the noise power level in said null symbols and/or received on null SID codes of said spreading interval as determined in step b to said background noise power in the unused codes of a plurality of spreading intervals, as determined in step a, plus a predetermined discrimination threshold, and determining from said comparison if symbols received during said spreading interval have been corrupted by impulse noise to an extent such that the symbols cannot be received properly, generating an erasure indication for each such noise corrupted symbol received during said spreading interval.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein step a is performed by calculating a moving average of the background noise power in the unassigned codes and/or null SID codes of all the frames processed except a current frame containing a spreading interval currently being processed.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein step a is performed by creating a table or list of all the background noise powers in the unassigned codes and/or null SID codes of a plurality of spreading intervals and picking a typical value for background noise power which is representative of the typical background noise power level observed in most unassigned unused codes and/or null SID codes.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein step b is accomplished by averaging the noise power in the received null symbols which are supposed to be zero.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein step b is accomplished by listing the noise power in the received null symbols which are supposed to be zero, and picking a representative noise power number from one of these null symbols to represent the noise power of the spreading interval.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein step c is accomplished by adding an absolute discrimination threshold to said background noise power level determined in step a and using the resulting value as the comparison standard against which the noise power in the unassigned codes and/or null SID codes of said spreading interval determined in step b is measured.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein step c is accomplished by adding a programmable discrimination threshold value in dB to said background noise power level determined in step a in dB and using the resulting value in dB as the comparison standard against which the noise power in the unused codes of said spreading interval determined in step b is measured.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said programmable discrimination threshold is set such that erasure indications will not be generated if the noise corrupted symbols still have a signal-to-noise ratio which is high enough that they can be successfully received.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said discrimination threshold is comprised of a first programmable threshold and a second absolute threshold which is set at a signal-to-noise ratio level which is set sufficiently below said background noise Dower level such that symbols received with a signal-to-noise ratio which is below said second absolute threshold will be corrupted by impulse noise as to require erasure indications because they cannot be received correctly, and wherein step c comprises only generating an erasure indication when the signal-to-noise ratio of a symbol in a spreading interval is lower than both said first programmable and second absolute thresholds.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein step a is performed by performing a moving average of background noise power on unassigned codes and/or null SID codes over a plurality of spreading intervals.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein step a is performed by using slicer errors in detecting payload data symbols transmitted on assigned codes.

12. An apparatus for detecting low power impulse noise in a spread-spectrum digital data transmission system which transmits synchronous code division multiple access spread spectrum symbols in a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of one or more spreading intervals during which a number of symbols which are less or equal to a number of spreading codes in a code book are transmitted via spread spectrum multiple access transmission such that some spreading codes are unassigned in each spreading interval or null service identifiers (SIDs) codes are present to separate different logical channels and upon which no data is transmitted, comprising:

a first means for receiving symbols transmitted during a spreading interval wherein at least some of said symbols of an information vector transmitted during a spreading interval are null symbols which had zero values when they had their spectrums spread by matrix multiplication by a code matrix containing spreading codes of a code book, and determining the noise power during each spreading interval by determining noise power in said null symbols transmitted during said spreading interval and which are supposed to have zero values, and outputting the noise power per spreading interval at an output;

a second means having an input coupled to said output of said first circuit for receiving said noise power per spreading interval data and using said data to determine the average background noise power over a high number of spreading intervals, and for adding a programmable discrimination threshold amount to said average background noise power and outputting a signal representing said average background noise power plus said discrimination threshold at an output;

a comparison circuit coupled to said outputs of said first and second means and having an output at which an erasure indication is generated for each symbol transmitted during said spreading interval when said noise power in said null symbols transmitted using unassigned codes of a spreading interval exceeds said background noise power plus said discrimination threshold.

13. An apparatus for detecting low power impulse noise in a spread spectrum digital data transmission system which transmits spread spectrum symbols in a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of one or more spreading intervals during of which a number of symbols equal to a number of spreading codes in a code book are transmitted via spread spectrum multiple access transmission, comprising:

a first circuit for receiving symbols of a spreading interval, and averaging the noise power in the symbols which are supposed to have zero values, and outputting the average noise power in the unused codes of said spreading interval at an output;

a second circuit coupled to said output of said first circuit for computing a moving average of the average noise power in the unused spreading codes of all the spreading intervals in a frame and outputting said moving average at an output;

a third circuit coupled to said output of said second circuit for calculating a moving average of background noise power in unused codes of the spreading intervals of each frame over a plurality of frames by computing a moving average of said moving averages output by said second circuit, and output said moving average as a background noise power; and

erasure decision logic having a first input coupled to said output of said first circuit and having a second input coupled to the output of said third circuit, and having an erasure indication signal output at which an erasure indication signal is set when the signal at said first input exceeds the signal at said second input plus a predetermined threshold.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising an OR gate having a first input coupled to said erasure indication signal output and having a second input coupled to receive an erasure indication signal from a prior art time domain impulse noise detector.

15. An apparatus for generating erasure indications in a digital data receiver that receives signals transmitted using synchronous code division multiplexing during one or more spreading intervals in every synchronous code division multiple access frame, comprising:

a first circuit for receiving stools transmitted during each spreading interval of each synchronous code division multiple access frame and calculating the average noise power level per synchronous code division multiple access spreading interval for all the unassigned codes and/or null service identifiers (SIDs) codes in a spreading interval being processed, and having an output at which said average noise power level per spreading interval in said unassigned codes and/or null SID codes appears;

a second circuit for receiving said average noise power level per spreading interval signal output by said first circuit and computing a moving average of the noise power level in the unassigned codes and/or null SID codes over all the spreading intervals in each frame which has been processed up until the current frame to establish the background noise power level, and having an output at which said moving average of the background noise power appears; and

an erasure decision logic circuit coupled to receive said average noise power level per spreading interval in said unassigned codes and/or null SID codes output by said first circuit and said moving average of said background noise power level from said second circuit, and for comparing these two signals, and if the average noise power level per spreading interval in said unassigned codes and/or null SID codes exceeds said background noise Dower level by a predetermined discrimination threshold amount, for outputting an erasure indication.