Method and apparatus for shot detection
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method comprising;
- identifying an abrupt transition in average light intensity between two frames, wherein identifying an abrupt transition comprises;
calculating a difference in light intensity histograms between the current frame and a preceding frame; and
comparing the histogram difference to a dynamically determined threshold, wherein an abrupt transition is indicated if the histogram difference exceeds the threshold, and wherein dynamically determining the threshold comprises;
calculating an average and standard deviation value of the histogram difference in a sliding window of frames;
generating one or more thresholds as multiples of the calculated average; and
determining whether the calculated standard deviation falls below a standard deviation threshold before adopting the generated one or more thresholds; and
determining whether the abrupt transition was caused by a shot boundary between the two frames or by a flashlight event.
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Abstract
A system identifies an abrupt transition in content between two frames, and determines whether the abrupt transition was caused by a shot boundary between the two frames or by a flashlight event. Identification of the abrupt transition in content includes calculating a difference in light intensity histograms between the current frame and a preceding frame, and comparing the histogram difference to a dynamically determined threshold. Further, an average light intensity based method is used to determine whether the abrupt transition was caused by a shot boundary or by a flashlight event.
81 Citations
26 Claims
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1. A method comprising;
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identifying an abrupt transition in average light intensity between two frames, wherein identifying an abrupt transition comprises;
calculating a difference in light intensity histograms between the current frame and a preceding frame; and
comparing the histogram difference to a dynamically determined threshold, wherein an abrupt transition is indicated if the histogram difference exceeds the threshold, and wherein dynamically determining the threshold comprises;
calculating an average and standard deviation value of the histogram difference in a sliding window of frames;
generating one or more thresholds as multiples of the calculated average; and
determining whether the calculated standard deviation falls below a standard deviation threshold before adopting the generated one or more thresholds; and
determining whether the abrupt transition was caused by a shot boundary between the two frames or by a flashlight event. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A media analysis agent comprising:
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a shot boundary detector to statistically analyze one or more attributes associated with content in video frames to detect abrupt and gradual transitions in the video content indicative of a shot boundary; and
a flashlight detector, responsive to the shot boundary detector, to distinguish abrupt transitions in the video content caused by flashlight events from those caused by actual shot boundaries, to reduce false-positive identification of flashlight events as shot boundaries; and
an adaptive threshold selection module, responsive to the shot boundary detector, to dynamically set one or more thresholds for use in shot boundary identification based, at least in part, on one or more attributes of video content, wherein the adaptive threshold selection module calculates an average and standard deviation of a histogram difference in a sliding window of frames surrounding the current frame, and generates a proposed low threshold value (Ts) and a proposed high threshold value (Tb) from the average histogram difference, and wherein the proposed low threshold is two- to three-times the calculated average histogram difference, while the proposed high threshold is four- to five-times the calculated average histogram difference. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. One or more computer-readable media having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to;
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calculate a difference in light intensity histograms between two frames;
compare the histogram difference to a dynamically determine threshold, wherein an abrupt transition is indicated if the histogram difference exceeds the threshold, wherein to determine the dynamic threshold, the one or more processors;
calculate an average and standard deviation value of the histogram difference in a sliding window of frames;
generate one or more thresholds as multiples of the calculated average; and
determine whether the calculated standard deviation falls below a standard deviation threshold before adopting the generated one or more thresholds; and
determine whether the abrupt transition was caused by a shot boundary between the two frames or by a flashlight event. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26)
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Specification