Structure inspection device

• US 6,880,403 B1
• Filed: 08/28/2000
• Issued: 04/19/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 08/28/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Matsuhashi Techno Research Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsuhashi Techno Research Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
• Inventors: Matsuhashi, Kanji, Shimada, Takashi
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron
• Assistant Examiner(s): SAINT SURIN, JACQUES M
• Application Number:
  US10/070,379
• Time in Patent Office: 1,695 Days
• Field of Search: 736/52, 736/58, 736/60, 736/65, 736/66, 736/68, 736/00, 736/44, 735/79, 736/02, 735/84, 735/98, 736/43, 735/78, 735/96, 736/27
• US Class Current: 73/652
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 7/00 Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures G01M9/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2203/0039 Hammer or pendulum
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2203/0062 Crack or flaws
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2203/0284 Bulk material, e.g. powders
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2203/0617 Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/015 Attenuation, scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0232 Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02827 Elastic parameters, strength or force
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/102 one emitter, one receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/045 by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks measuring resonant frequency G01H13/00; measuring strength properties by application of mechanical stress G01N3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/42 by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/46 by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis spectral signal processing per se G06F17/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 3/32 by applying repeated or pulsating forces
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 3/405 by determining the vibration frequency of a sensing element in contact with the specimen
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/383 Concrete, cement

Abstract

An internal condition of a concrete structure is objectively evaluated irrespective of surrounding noise or the shape of a hammer, by placing a vibration sensor in direct contact with a measuring surface so as to directly convert a vibration generated on the measuring surface into a corresponding voltage without the intervention of a medium such as air thereby to quantify the vibration generated on the measuring surface concerned. A structure diagnosis apparatus of the present invention includes a vibration unit for generating an elastic wave in a measuring object of a concrete structure, a vibration detector adapted to be placed in contact with a surface of the measuring object for detecting a component in a predetermined frequency range of an elastic vibration generated on the surface of the measuring object by the vibration unit; and a display device for displaying a maximum amplitude of an output signal of the vibration detector.

Claims

1. A structure inspection apparatus comprising:

a vibration unit for generating an elastic wave in a measuring object of a concrete structure;

a vibration detector adapted to be placed in contact with a surface of said measuring object for detecting a component in a predetermined frequency range of an elastic vibration generated on the surface of said measuring object by said vibration unit, said vibration detector comprising a detection circuit that detects a maximum amplitude of an output signal of the vibration detector; and

a display device for displaying the maximum amplitude of the output signal of said vibration detector.

2. The structure inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said vibration detector comprises:

a weight;

a spring having one end thereof connected with a contactor which is adapted to be in contact with said measuring object, and the other end thereof connected with said weight; and

a vibration sensor connected with said weight for converting a vibration of said weight into a corresponding electric signal;

wherein a resonance frequency determined by a mass of said weight and a spring constant of said spring is set to be within said predetermined frequency range, so that a component in said predetermined frequency range of an elastic vibration generated on the surface of said measuring object is detected by said vibration sensor.

3. The structure inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said vibration detector comprises:

a spring connected with a contactor which is adapted to be in contact with said measuring object, said spring being made of a metallic material of which permeability is varied according to a bending distortion thereof;

a coil arranged around said spring which acts as a core member; and

a weight connected with said spring;

wherein a bending distortion produced in said spring by an elastic vibration generated on the surface of said measuring object is detected by said coil.

4. The structure inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said vibration unit comprises:

a striking section for vibrating said measuring object thereby to generate an elastic wave;

a coil fixed to said striking section;

a diode connected with said coil for permitting a current to flow through said coil only in one direction; and

a magnet fixedly arranged near said coil in the surroundings of said striking section for generating a magnetic field in a direction in which said coil vibrates;

wherein damping is caused only in one direction of the vibration of said striking section by means of an electromagnetic interaction between said magnet and said coil.

5. The structure inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said vibration unit comprises:

a striking section for generating an elastic wave on said measuring surface;

a chamber in which said striking section is accommodated; and

a striking section operating mechanism for injecting a pressure medium into said chamber thereby to project said striking section outward from said chamber;

wherein said striking section operating mechanism generates an elastic wave on said measuring surface by applying thereto a fixed vibration force by means of said striking section.

6. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said striking section operating mechanism comprises:

an injector for injecting a pressure medium into said chamber; and

a pressure medium feeding mechanism for supplying a pressure medium to said chamber when a distance between said chamber and said measuring surface becomes a predetermined value.

7. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein said pressure medium feeding mechanism comprises:

a gas cylinder for reserving said pressure medium;

a pressure regulator for regulating the pressure of said pressure medium in said gas cylinder;

a supply switch for supplying said pressure medium in said gas cylinder to said injector through said pressure regulator; and

a trigger mechanism for triggering said supply switch when the distance between said chamber and said measuring surface becomes a predetermined value.

8. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein said pressure medium feeding mechanism comprises:

a compressor connected with said injector for supplying said pressure medium thereto;

a supply switch for supplying said pressure medium in said compressor to said injector; and

a trigger mechanism for triggering said supply switch when the distance between said chamber and said measuring surface becomes a predetermined value.

9. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein said pressure medium feeding mechanism further comprises a spring having one end thereof connected with a housing of said vibration unit and the other end thereof connected with said trigger mechanism for urging said trigger mechanism in a direction away from said supply switch.

10. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said pressure medium feeding mechanism further comprises a spring having one end thereof connected with a housing of said vibration unit and the other end thereof connected with said trigger mechanism for urging said trigger mechanism in a direction away from said supply switch.

11. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said display device comprises:

an amplifier having an input terminal connected with said vibration detector and an output terminal;

a plurality of comparators each having a first input terminal connected with the output terminal of said amplifier, a second input terminal to which a reference voltage is imposed and an output terminal, said comparators being arranged in parallel with one another and each generating an output from its output terminal when an input voltage at its first input terminal exceeds the reference voltage at its second input terminal; and

a plurality of display members connected with the output terminals of said comparators, respectively;

wherein the reference voltages imposed on the output terminals of said comparators, respectively, are set to different values.

12. The structure diagnosis apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said predetermined frequency range of said elastic vibration is several kHz or less.

13. A structure diagnosis method for detecting an internal defect in a concrete structure, said method comprising:

a first step of generating an elastic wave on a measuring surface of a measuring object by applying a fixed force thereto;

a second step of converting a vibration generated on said measuring surface in said first step into a corresponding electric signal thereby to calculate a maximum amplitude of a component in a predetermined frequency range of said electric signal; and

a third step of comparing the maximum value of said electric signal with a preset threshold thereby to detect the existence or absence of an internal defect in said structure.

14. The structure diagnosis method as set forth in claim 13, wherein said predetermined frequency range of said electric signal is several kHz or less.