Class AB differential mixer

• US 6,882,194 B2
• Filed: 02/14/2003
• Issued: 04/19/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics SA (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics SA (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Persechini, Pascal, Belot, Didier
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, DINH THANH
• Application Number:
  US10/367,195
• Publication Number:
  US 20030155959A1
• Time in Patent Office: 795 Days
• Field of Search: 327355-359, 455/326, 455/333
• US Class Current: 327/159
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0043 Bias and operating point
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1425 with transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1433 using bipolar transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1491 Arrangements to linearise a transconductance stage of a mixer arrangement

Abstract

A differential mixer including at least two input/output stages, each stage including two identical branches, each branch of one of the two stages including at least two bipolar transistors the bases of which define a first pair of input/output terminals of the stage and are connected to a same D.C. current source individually by a respective isolating resistor; the collectors of which define a second pair of input/output terminals of the stage which forms a pair of input/output terminals of another stage of the mixer; and the emitters of which are individually connected to a low voltage reference line by a respective degenerative impedance.

Claims

1. A differential mixer including at least two input/output stages, at least a first of the two input/output stages including two identical branches, wherein each branch includes at least two bipolar transistors, bases of the two bipolar transistors of a first of the two identical branches connected together to define a first input/output terminal of a first pair of input/output terminals of the stage and bases of the two bipolar transistors of a second of the two identical branches connected together to define a second input/output terminal of the first pair of input/output terminals, the first and second input/output terminals being connected to a first D.C. current source individually by a respective isolating resistor;

collectors of the two bipolar transistors of the first branch connected together to define a third input/output terminal of a second pair of input/output terminals of the at least one stage which forms a pair of input/output terminals of a second of the at least two stages of the mixer, collectors of the two bipolar transistors of the second branch connected together to define a fourth input/output terminal of the second pair of input/output terminals;

wherein each of the emitters of the bipolar transistors of the first and second branch is individually connected to a low voltage reference line by a respective degenerative impedance; and

wherein each of the first and second input/output terminals is connected to receive a respective RF input signal.

2. The mixer of claim 1, wherein, for the first branch, the surface area ratios of the two bipolar transistors, a value of the respective isolation resistor of the first branch and values of the respective degenerative impedances of the first branch are selected so that equivalent transconductances associated with the two bipolar transistors of the first branch are different, and wherein, for each bipolar transistor of the first branch, a value of the equivalent transconductance associated with the bipolar transistor corresponds to an equivalent transconductance associated with a transistor of the second branch.

3. The mixer of claim 2, wherein, a ratio of a value of the isolating resistor of a first bipolar transistor of one of the two identical branches to a value of the degenerative impedance of the first bipolar transistor is different than a ratio of a value of the isolating resistor of a second bipolar transistor of the one branch to a value of the degenerative impedance of the second bipolar transistor.

4. The mixer of claim 2, wherein all structural dimensions of said at least two bipolar transistors of each branch are the same.

5. The mixer of claim 2, wherein at least one structural dimension of said at least two bipolar transistors of each branch is different.

6. The mixer of claim 2, wherein, for each of the two bipolar transistors of the first branch, the degenerative impedance interposed between the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the voltage reference line is a resistor.

7. The mixer of claim 1, wherein, for each of the branches, the emitters of said at least two bipolar transistors exhibit different surface areas.

8. The mixer of claim 1, wherein the first D.C. current source is formed by a connection, between a high supply line and the low voltage reference line, of a second D.C. current source, of a first bipolar transistor of a first type, a junction of the current source and of the first bipolar transistor being connected to the base of a second bipolar transistor of the first type, a terminal of which is connected to the high supply line, and a terminal of which is connected to the base of the first transistor and forms the output of the current source.

9. A radiofrequency signal transmit/receive chain, including the mixer of claim 1, and wherein each branch of the first stage receives/transmits a radiofrequency signal phase-shifted by 180°

with respect to the radiofrequency signal received/transmitted by the other branch, and wherein each branch of the second stage transmits/receives a signal of intermediate frequency phase-shifted by 180°

with respect to the intermediate frequency signal transmitted/received by the other branch.

10. The chain of claim 9, wherein each of the radio frequency signal and the intermediate frequency signal has a frequency within a frequency range defined by one of the following telecommunications standards:

UMTS, WCDMA, GSM, or DCS.

11. A differential mixer, comprising:

a first stage comprising;

two bipolar transistors, each bipolar transistor having a base, the bases interconnected to form a first terminal of the first stage, each bipolar transistor having a collector, the collectors interconnected to form a second terminal of the first stage;

further comprising;

a D.C. current source connected to the first terminal through a resistance; and

wherein the first terminal is connected to receive an RF input signal.

12. The differential mixer of claim 11, wherein each of the two bipolar transistors has an emitter connected to a reference voltage through a respective degenerative impedance.

13. The differential mixer of claim 12, wherein a first combination of a first of the two bipolar transistors and its respective degenerative impedance is operative to exhibit a first transconductance, and wherein a second combination of a second of the two bipolar transistors and its respective degenerative impedance is operative to exhibit a second transconductance different than the first transconductance.

14. A differential mixer, comprising:

a first stage comprising;

two bipolar transistors, each bipolar transistor having a base, the bases interconnected to form a first terminal of the first stage, each bipolar transistor having a collector, the collectors interconnected to form a second terminal of the first stage;

wherein the two bipolar transistors are part of a first branch of the first stage, the first stage further comprising;

a second branch comprising two additional bipolar transistors, each additional bipolar transistor having a base, the bases of the additional bipolar transistors interconnected to form a third terminal of the first stage, each additional bipolar transistor having a collector, the collectors of the additional bipolar transistors interconnected to form a fourth terminal of the first stage;

wherein a D.C. current source is connected to the first and third terminals through a resistance; and

wherein each of the first and third terminals is connected to receive a respective RF input signal.

15. A differential mixer, comprising:

a D.C. current source; and

a differential stage including a first pair of terminals connected to the D.C. current source and operative to receive electromagnetic signals, and including a second pair of terminals,

wherein the mixer is operative to automatically switch from a first mode of mixing to a second mode of mixing different than the first mode;

wherein the mixer is operative to automatically switch from the first mixing mode to the second mixing mode in response to change in a value of the received electromagnetic signal; and

wherein the first mixing mode is either a class A mixing mode or a class AB mixing mode and the second mixing mode is either a class AB mixing mode or a class A mixing mode.

16. The differential mixer of claim 15, further comprising:

means for automatically switching from the first mixing mode to the second mixing mode.

17. A method of mixing, comprising acts of:

(A) receiving a first electromagnetic signal;

(B) mixing the first electromagnetic signal according to a first mixing mode;

(C) receiving a second electromagnetic signal;

(D) automatically switching from the first mixing mode to a second mixing mode different than the first mixing mode; and

(E) mixing the second electromagnetic signal according to the second mixing mode;

wherein act (D) includes automatically switching from the first mixing mode to the second mixing mode in response to a value of the second electromagnetic signal; and

wherein the first mixing mode is either a class A mixing mode or a class AB mixing mode and the second mixing mode is either a class AB mixing mode or a class A mixing mode.