CAS drill guide and drill tracking system

• US 6,887,247 B1
• Filed: 04/17/2002
• Issued: 05/03/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ORTHOsoft ULC. (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Orthosoft Inc. (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Couture, Pierre, Amiot, Louis-Philippe, Picard, Dominic
• Primary Examiner(s): O'Connor, Cary E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): STOKES, CANDICE CAPRI
• Application Number:
  US10/123,237
• Time in Patent Office: 1,112 Days
• Field of Search: 408/72.R, 606/96
• US Class Current: 606/96
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1703 using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/036 abutting on tissue or skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/062 penetration depth
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/371 with simultaneous use of two cameras
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/374 NMR or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3762 using computed tomography systems [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3983 Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/36 Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 408/55 with work-engaging structure other than Tool or tool-support
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 408/564 Movable relative to Tool along tool-axis

Abstract

A drill guide assembly for a drilling tool having a chuck engaging a bit portion comprising a tip and a length extending from the chuck, the drill guide assembly comprising a first member, a second member and a trackable member. The first member is adapted to abut a workpiece surface and defines a central aperture therethrough adapted to receive the bit portion of the drilling tool. The second member is adapted to be axially displaced with respect to the first member and is axially biased therefrom, and defines a central aperture therethrough adapted to receive the bit portion of the drilling tool. The trackable member, fastened to the second member, comprises a detectable element adapted to be located and tracked in three dimensional space, thereby defining the position and movement of the second member and therefore that of the bit portion of the drilling tool.

Claims

1. A drill guide assembly for a drilling tool having a chuck engaging a bit portion comprising a tip and a length extending from the chuck, said drill guide assembly comprising:

a first member adapted to abut a workpiece surface and defining a central aperture therethrough adapted to receive the bit portion of the drilling tool;

a second member adapted be axially displaced with respect to said first member and being axially biased therefrom, and defining a central aperture therethrough adapted to receive the bit portion of the drilling tool; and

a trackable member, fastened to said second member and comprising a detectable element adapted to be located and tracked in three dimensional space, thereby defining position and movement of said second member and therefore that of the bit portion of the drilling tool.

2. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second members are elongated and telescope with respect to each other.

3. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the length of the bit portion of the drilling tool is chosen such that the tip reaches said workpiece surface when said first and second members are fully biasedly extended.

4. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein a distance said elongated second member telescopes with respect to said elongated first member, corresponds to a hole depth created by the bit portion of the drilling tool in a workpiece.

5. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said detectable element comprises a three point visually located axis.

6. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said central aperture of said second member is dimensioned to intimately receive said first elongated member.

7. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said second member is spring loaded from said first member.

8. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 7, wherein an outer clamp is engaged with said first member, a circumferential flange radially extends from said second member, and said clamp and said flange provide end reaction points for a helical spring providing said spring loaded second member.

9. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said drill guide assembly comprises a handle element.

10. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 9, wherein said handle element comprises at least a portion that extends generally radially from said first and second members.

11. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 9, wherein said handle element is selectively rotatable about said drill guide assembly to maintain said tracking member in detectable contact with a sensor of a computer assisted surgery system.

12. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 10, wherein said handle element is engaged with said first member.

13. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein a proximal end of said second member comprises a bushing.

14. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said detectable element comprises optically detectable spheres.

15. The drill guide assembly as defined in claim 14, wherein said optically detectable spheres are removably engaged with said trackable member.

16. A drilling system comprising a drill and a drill guide assembly, the drill having a chuck engaging a bit portion having a tip and extending from the chuck a predetermined length, said drill guide assembly comprising:

a guide member defining a central aperture therethrough adapted to receive the bit portion of the drilling tool;

a collar member defining a central aperture therethrough dimensioned to intimately receive said guide member;

said collar member and said guide member being axially biased, and adapted to telescope with respect to one another;

one of said guide member and said collar member being adapted to abut a workpiece surface, the other of said guide member and said collar member being adapted to be axially displaced with respect to said one of said guide member and said collar member; and

a trackable member, fastened to said other of said guide member and said collar member, having detectable element adapted to be located and tracked in three dimensional space, said detectable element defining the position and movement of said other of said guide member and said collar member, and therefore defining the position and movement of the bit portion of the drilling tool.

17. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein the predetermined length of the bit portion of the drilling tool is such that the tip reaches said workpiece surface when said guide and collar members are fully biasedly extended.

18. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein said central aperture of said member is dimensioned to intimately receive said guide member.

19. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein said collar member is spring loaded from said guide member.

20. The drilling system as defined in claim 19, wherein an outer clamp is fastened to said one of said guide member and said collar member, a circumferential flange radially extends from said other of said guide member and said collar member, and said clamp and said flange provide end reaction points for a helical spring providing said spring loaded collar member.

21. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein said drill guide assembly comprises a handle element.

22. The drilling system as defined in claim 21, wherein said handle element comprises at least a portion that extends generally radially from said collar and guide members.

23. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein said handle element is selectively rotatable about said drill guide assembly to maintain said tracking member in detectable contact with a sensor of a computer assisted surgery system.

24. The drilling system as defined in claim 21, wherein said handle element is engaged with said one of said guide member and said collar member.

25. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein a proximal end of said collar member comprises a bushing.

26. The drilling system as defined in claim 16, wherein said detectable element comprises optically detectable spheres.

27. The drilling system as defined in claim 26, wherein said optically detectable spheres are removably engaged with said trackable member.