Fault detection in a physical system
First Claim
1. A method for detecting a fault in a system, comprising:
- obtaining a measurement for each of a plurality of variables corresponding to the operational state of the system;
ranking the variables by the reliability of the measurement for each of the plurality of variables to provide a ranked list of the variables;
selecting a first subset of the most reliable variables from the ranked list to provide a set of independent variables; and
calculating expected system dependent variables using the set of independent variables to detect the fault.
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Abstract
A method for detecting a fault in a physical system uses a model of the physical system and calculates estimated dependent variables or conditions for the system using substantially only independent variables that are measured from the system using hardware redundancy or selected based on their better measurement reliability. An example of hardware redundancy is to measure an independent variable using two or more sensors rather than one. The estimated dependent variables are compared to the corresponding measured dependent variable conditions to calculate residuals, which are then analyzed using appropriate fault detection techniques. The method is especially effective relative to prior fault detection method when used to detect anomalies or unknown fault states of the system.
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Citations
48 Claims
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1. A method for detecting a fault in a system, comprising:
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obtaining a measurement for each of a plurality of variables corresponding to the operational state of the system;
ranking the variables by the reliability of the measurement for each of the plurality of variables to provide a ranked list of the variables;
selecting a first subset of the most reliable variables from the ranked list to provide a set of independent variables; and
calculating expected system dependent variables using the set of independent variables to detect the fault. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A computer system for detecting an anomaly in a physical system, comprising:
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means for providing a model of the physical system;
means for receiving a plurality of sensor measurements from the physical system, wherein at least one sensor measurement is used as an independent variable and at least one sensor measurement is used as an actual sensor measurement;
means for processing the independent variable through the model of the physical system to generate an estimated variable as a function of the independent variable; and
mean for comparing the estimated variable and the actual sensor measurement to determine an anomaly in the physical system. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An apparatus for detecting an anomaly in a system, comprising:
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a plurality of sensors coupled to the system for providing sensor measurements, wherein a first sensor measurement represents an independent variable and a second sensor measurement represents an actual sensor measurement; and
a computational system providing a model of the system, the computational system including, a) means for processing the independent variable through the model of the system to generate an estimated variable as a function of the independent variable, and b) means for comparing the estimated variable and the actual sensor measurement to determine an anomaly in the system. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. A system analysis tool for detecting an anomaly in a system, comprising;
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a plurality of sensors coupled to the system for providing sensor measurements, wherein a first sensor measurement is used an independent variable and a second sensor measurement is used an actual sensor measurement; and
a model of the system, the model including, (a) means for generating an estimated variable as a function of the independent variable, and (b) means for comparing the estimated variable and the actual sensor measurement to determine an anomaly in the system. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41)
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42. A method for detecting an anomaly in a physical system, comprising:
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providing a model of the physical system;
receiving a plurality of sensor measurements from the physical system, wherein a first sensor measurement is used as an independent variable and a second sensor measurement is used as an actual sensor measurement, processing the independent variable through the model of the physical system to generate an estimated variable as a function of the independent variable; and
comparing the estimated variable and the actual sensor measurement to determine an anomaly in the physical system. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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Specification