Method and system for acquiring marine seismic data using multiple seismic sources

• US 6,906,981 B2
• Filed: 07/17/2002
• Issued: 06/14/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PGS Geophysical As (PGS ASA)
• Original Assignee: PGS Americas, Inc. (PGS ASA)
• Inventors: Vaage, Svein Torleif
• Primary Examiner(s): HUGHES, SCOTT A
• Application Number:
  US10/197,235
• Publication Number:
  US 20040013037A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,063 Days
• Field of Search: 702/14, 367/23, 367/53, 367/56, 367/57, 367 20- 21, 367/59, 367/142, 181/110, 181/111
• US Class Current: 367/21
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/006 generating single signals by using more than one generator, e.g. beam steering or focusing arrays G01V1/13, G01V1/3861 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/3808 Seismic data acquisition, e.g. survey design

Abstract

A method for seismic surveying is disclosed which includes towing a first seismic energy source and at least one seismic sensor system. A second seismic energy source is towed at a selected distance from the first source. The first seismic energy source and the second seismic energy source are actuated in a plurality of firing sequences. Each of the firing sequences includes firing of the first source, waiting a selected time firing the second source and recording signals generated by the seismic sensor system. The selected time between firing the first source and the second source is varied between successive ones of the firing sequences. The firing times of the first and second source are indexed so as to enable separate identification of seismic events originating from the first source and seismic events originating from the second source in detected seismic signals.

Claims

1. A method for seismic surveying, comprising:

towing a first seismic energy source and at least one seismic sensor system;

towing a second seismic energy source at a selected distance from the first seismic energy source; and

actuating the first seismic energy source and the second seismic energy source in a plurality of firing sequences, each of the firing sequences including firing of the first source and the second source and recording signals generated by the at least one seismic sensor system, a time interval between firing the first source and the second source varied between successive ones of the firing sequences, the times of firing the first and second source indexed so as to enable separate identification of seismic events originating from the first source and seismic events originating from the second source in detected seismic signals.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval is varied systematically.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the time interval is varied quasi-randomly.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval varied is randomly.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval is varied in steps of about 100 milliseconds.

6. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the time interval is at least as long as a wavelet time of the first source.

7. The method as defined in claim 1 further comprising actuating at least one additional seismic energy source in each tiring sequence, the at least one additional seismic energy source actuated after an additional selected time interval after firing the second source, the additional selected time interval different than the time interval between firing the first and second sources, the additional time interval varied between successive ones of the firing sequences.

8. The method as defined in claim 7 wherein the additional time interval is varied randomly between firing sequences.

9. The method as defined in claim 7 wherein the additional time interval is varied quasi-randomly between firing sequences.

10. The method as defined in claim 7 wherein the additional time interval is varied systematically between firing sequences.

11. The method as defined in claim 7 further comprising extracting from the recorded sensor signals coherent seismic signals identified to each of the first, second and at least one additional seismic energy sources.

12. The method as defined in claim 11 wherein the extracting the signals identified to the first source comprises determining trace to trace and shot to shot coherent components in the recorded sensor signals.

13. The method as defined in claim 12 wherein determining the shot to shot coherent component comprises generating a common mid point trace gather with respect to the first source.

14. The method as defined in claim 12 wherein the extracting the signals identified to each of the second and at least one additional seismic source comprises, for each of the second and at least one additional source, time aligning the signals with respect to a firing time of each of the second and at least one additional source, and determining trace to trace and shot to shot coherent components in the recorded sensor signals.

15. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the determining the shot to shot coherent components comprises generating a common mid point trace gather with respect to each of the second and at least one additional sources.

16. The method as defined in claim 1 further comprising, extracting from the recorded sensor signals coherent seismic signals identified to each of the first seismic energy source and the second seismic energy source.

17. The method as defined in claim 16 wherein the extracting the signals identified to the first source comprises determining trace to trace and shot to shot coherent components in the recorded sensor signals.

18. The method as defined in claim 16 wherein the determining the shot to shot coherent components comprises generating a common mid point gather with respect to the first source.

19. The method as defined in claim 6 wherein the extracting the signals identified to the second source comprises time aligning the recorded signals with respect to firing the second source and determining trace to trace and shot to shot coherent components in the time-aligned recorded seismic signals.

20. The method as defined in claim 19 wherein the determining the shot to shot coherent components comprises generating a common mid point gather with respect to the second source.

21. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the second source is towed behind the first source.

22. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the first source and the at least one sensor system are towed by a first vessel and the second source is towed by a second vessel.

23. A seismic surveying system, comprising:

a first seismic energy source;

a second seismic energy source;

at least one seismic sensor array;

a vessel adapted to tow the first source, to tow the at least one seismic sensor array, and to tow the at least one second source at a selected distance from the first source; and

a controller adapted to actuate the first source and the second source in a plurality of firing sequences, the sequences having a time delay between firing the first source and the second source which varies between successive firing sequences, the times interval of firing the first and second source indexed so as to enable separate identification of seismic events originating from the first source and seismic events originating from the second source in detected seismic signals.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the controller is adapted to cause the time interval to be varied systematically.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein the controller is adapted to cause the time interval to be varied quasi-randomly.

26. The system of claim 23, wherein the controller is adapted to cause the time interval to be varied randomly.

27. The system of claim 23, wherein the controller is adapted to cause the time interval to be varied in steps of at least about 100 milliseconds.

28. The system of claim 23 wherein the controller is adapted to cause the time interval to be at least as long as a wavelet time of the first source.

29. The system of claim 23 further comprising a second vessel adapted to tow the second source at a selected distance from the first source.

30. The system of claim 23 further comprising at least one additional source spaced at a selected distance from the first source and the second source, the controller further adapted to actuate the at least one additional source after an additional time interval, the additional time interval different than a length of the time delay, the additional time interval different in each of the firing sequences.

31. A method for determining signal components attributable to a first seismic energy source and to a second seismic energy source in signals recorded from seismic sensors, the first and second sources and the sensors towed along a survey line, the first source and the second source fired in a plurality of sequences, a time delay between firing the first source and the second source in each firing sequence being different than the time delay in other ones of the firing sequences, the method comprising:

determining a first component of the recorded signals that is coherent from shot to shot and from trace to trace;

time aligning die recorded signals with respect to a firing time of the second source in each firing sequence; and

determining a second component of the signals that is coherent from shot to shot and from trace to trace in the time aligned signals.

32. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the delay between firing the first source and firing the second source is varied systematically between each firing sequence.

33. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the delay between firing the first source and firing the second source is varied quasi randomly between each firing sequence.

34. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the delay between firing the first source and firing the second source is varied randomly between each firing sequence.

35. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the delay is at least as long as a wavelet time of the first source.

36. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the determining the first component comprises performing a common mid point gather with respect to the first source of the recorded signals.

37. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the determining the second component comprises performing a common mid point gather with respect to the second source of the time aligned signals.

38. The method as defined in claim 31 wherein the recorded seismic signals comprise components attributable to at least one additional seismic energy source fired after an additional time interval after the firing the second source in each firing sequence, the additional time interval being different in each sequence, the additional time interval being different from the time delay between firing the first and second source in each sequence, the method further comprising, time aligning the recorded signals with respect to a firing time of the at least one additional source, and determining trace to trace and shot to shot coherent components of the signals time aligned with respect to the firing time of the at least one additional source.