Cone beam type of X-ray CT system for three-dimensional reconstruction

• US 6,907,100 B2
• Filed: 10/24/2002
• Issued: 06/14/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Taguchi, Katsuyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): BRUCE, DAVID VERNON
• Application Number:
  US10/278,872
• Publication Number:
  US 20040086074A1
• Time in Patent Office: 964 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/8, 378/15, 378/19, 378/901
• US Class Current: 378/4
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/027 characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5264 due to motion
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/005 Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2211/412 Dynamic
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

An X-ray CT system is equipped with a gantry, couch and control cabinet and configured to scan a cone-beam X-ray toward an object along a given orbit to acquire cone-beam data in which a three-dimensional distribution of an X-ray absorption coefficient within the object is reflected. The control cabinet decides a degree of reliability for the cone-beam data according to an acquisition time of the cone-beam data, and then decides a weight for three-dimensional Radon data from the cone-beam data on the basis of the degree of reliability. Using this weight, the control cabinet reconstructs the three-dimensional Radon data based on a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm. Thus, when the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam CT is applied to medical CT, artifacts attributable to object'"'"'s motion can be suppressed and temporal resolution can be improved.

Claims

1. An X-ray CT system comprising:

an X-ray source for radiating a cone-beam X-ray;

a two-dimensional X-ray detector for detecting the X-ray radiated from the X-ray source through an object to be examined and for outputting projection data depending on an amount of the detected X-ray;

scanning means configured to scan the object with the X-ray radiated from the X-ray source within a particular scan range predetermined spatially under a desired scan technique involving at least a movement of the X-ray source along a predetermined orbit for the scan, thus enabling the X-ray detector to acquire the projection data generated during the scan;

a Radon data producing means for producing three-dimensional Radon data distributed three-dimensionally, from the projection data acquired by the scanning means;

weighting means for weighting the three-dimensional Radon data using a weighting function providing a non-constant weight in which a degree of reliability of the projection data is reflected, the degree of reliability being previously determined depending on an acquisition time of the projection data during the scan along the orbit; and

reconstruction means for reconstructing the three-dimensional Radon data weighted by the weighting means, based on a desired three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, the reconstruction providing an image.

2. The X-ray CT system according to claim 1, wherein the weighting function is set according to a type of the scan technique.

3. The X-ray CT system according to claim 2, wherein the scan technique is one selected from a group of scan techniques including a circular-orbit full scan representing as the orbit a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit half scan (MIHS:

Modified Half Scan) along an extended circle using the projection data from the scan range of 360 degrees while the orbit representing a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit under scan representing as the orbit a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit scan representing as the orbit two or more rotations along a circular orbit, a scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a linear orbit and a circular orbit, and a helical scan representing as the orbit a helical orbit.

4. The X-ray CT system according to claim 3, wherein the scan technique is set to apply to the object, a plurality of times, the scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a linear orbit and a circular orbit in this order, and

wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired in the scan range, as to a plurality of times of production of the three-dimensional Radon data performed every predetermined period of time residing in a data acquisition time zone of the plurality of times of scans, every predetermined period of time for each scan, by using the weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at both a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image and another data acquisition time falling in a smaller temporal range including the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight but also giving a minimum weight at both data acquisition times at which each predetermined period of time for each scan is started and ended respectively.

5. The X-ray CT system according to claim 3, wherein the scan technique is set to apply to the object the scan representing the two or more rotations along the circular orbit, and wherein

the weighting unit is configured to weight, each time of the plurality of times of scans, the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image but also a smaller weight at another data acquisition time different from the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight.

6. The X-ray CT system according to claim 3, wherein the scan technique is the helical scan technique, and wherein

the weighting means is configured to weight, of the three-dimensional Radon data produced on the helical scan technique, the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, as a weighting function giving not only a maximum and constant weight during a given period of time of which centermost time is representative of a data acquisition time for the three-dimensional Radon data acquired during each data acquisition time zone necessary for reconstructing the image but also a minimum weight at both data acquisition times at which each data acquisition time zone is started and ended respectively.

7. The X-ray CT system according to claim 3, wherein the scan technique is set to apply to the object, one time, a scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a linear orbit and a circular orbit in this order, and

wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at both a data acquisition time representative of a time of the image and another data acquisition time falling into a smaller temporal range including the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight but also giving a minimum weight at both of a data acquisition time when the movement along the linear orbit is started and a further data acquisition time when the movement along the circular orbit is ended.

8. The X-ray CT system according to claim 7, wherein the weighting function is formed to maintain the minimum weight at all data acquisition times along the linear orbit.

9. The X-ray CT system according to claim 3, wherein the scan technique is set apply to the object, one time, a scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a linear orbit and a circular orbit in this order, and

wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at both a data acquisition time representative of a time of the image reconstructed by the reconstruction means and another data acquisition time falling into a smaller temporal range including the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight but also giving a minimum weight at both of a data acquisition time when the movement along the circular orbit is started and a further data acquisition time when the movement along the circular orbit is ended.

10. The X-ray CT system according to claim 9, wherein the weighting function is formed to maintain the minimum weight at all data acquisition times along the linear orbit.

11. A three-dimensional reconstruction method comprising the steps of:

acquiring two-dimensional projection data into which a three-dimensional distribution of an X-ray absorption coefficient of an object to be examined is reflected, by scanning the object with a cone-beam X-ray;

producing three-dimensional Radon data from the projection data;

correcting the three-dimensional Radon data based on a weighting function in which a degree of reliability of the projection data is reflected, the degree of reliability being previously decided depending on an acquisition time of the projection data; and

reconstructing the three-dimensional Radon data based on a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm to obtain an image of the object.

12. The three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 11, wherein the correcting step is configured to correct the three-dimensional Radon data by using the weighting function, correspondingly to each plane to be subjected to surface integral for respectively obtaining the three-dimensional Radon data.

13. The three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 12, wherein the degree of reliability of the projection data is composed of a reliability function of the projection data made to relate to each focal point position of the cone-beam X-ray and

the weighting function is a redundancy correcting function made to relate to the reliability function of the projection data.

14. The three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 13, wherein the reliability function of the projection data is set depending on a scan type of the X-ray.

15. The three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 15, wherein the scan technique of the cone-beam X-ray is one selected from a group of scan techniques including a scan technique based on a circular-orbit full scan representing as the orbit a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit half scan (MHS:

Modified Half Scan) along an extended circle using the projection data from the scan range of 360 degrees while the orbit representing a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit under scan representing as the orbit a one-time circular orbit, a circular-orbit scan representing as the orbit two or more rotations along a circular orbit, a scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a linear orbit and a circular orbit, and a helical scan representing as the orbit a helical orbit.

16. A weight setting method for X-ray CT comprising the steps of:

deciding a degree of reliability for two-dimensional projection data on the basis of a acquisition time of the two-dimensional projection data in which a three-dimensional distribution of an X-ray absorption coefficient of an object to be examined is reflected, the three-dimensional distribution being acquired with a cone-beam X-ray; and

deciding a weight used to correct a three-dimensional Radon data obtained from the projection data on the basis of the degree of reliability.

17. The weight setting method for X-ray CT according to claim 16, wherein the step of deciding the degree of reliability includes computing a reliability function of the projection data made to relate to the data acquisition time and

the step of deciding the weight includes computing a value of a redundancy correcting function made to relate to the reliability function of the projection data.

18. An X-ray CT system comprising:

an X-ray source configured to radiate a cone-beam X-ray;

a two-dimensional X-ray detector configured to detect the X-ray radiated from the X-ray source through an object to be examined and output projection data depending on an amount of the detected X-ray;

a scanning unit configured to scan the object with the X-ray radiated from the X-ray source within a particular scan range predetermined spatially under a desired scan technique involving at least a movement of the X-ray source along a predetermined orbit for the scan, thus enabling the X-ray detector to acquire the projection data generated during the scan;

a Radon data producing unit configured to produce three-dimensional Radon data distributed three-dimensionally, from the projection data acquired by the scanning unit;

a weighting unit configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data using a weighting function providing a non-constant weight in which a degree of reliability of the projection data is reflected, the degree of reliability being previously determined depending on an acquisition time of the projection data during the scan along the orbit; and

a reconstruction unit configured to reconstruct the three-dimensional Radon data weighted by the weighting unit, based on a desired three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, the reconstruction providing an image.

19. The X-ray CT system according to claim 18, wherein the scanning unit is configured to move the X-ray source to represent, as the predetermined orbit, an orbit including, as the scan range, a path consisting of at least “

180 degrees plus a fan angle of the cone-beam X-ray”

around the object.

20. The X-ray CT system according to claim 18, wherein the weighting unit is configured to perform the weighting correspondingly to each plane to be subjected respectively to surface integral for obtaining the three-dimensional Radon data.

21. The X-ray CT system according to claim 20, wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired in the scan range in the scan range by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image but also a smaller weight at another data acquisition time different from the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight.

22. The X-ray CT system according to claim 20, wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at both a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image and another data acquisition time falling into a smaller temporal range including the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight but also giving a smaller weight at another data acquisition time different from the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight.

23. The X-ray CT system according to claim 20, further comprising providing means for providing weighting information on the weighting function every plane.

24. The X-ray CT system according to claim 20, wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image but also a weight becoming smaller as going away from the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight.

25. The X-ray CT system according to claim 24, wherein the scan technique is set to apply to the object, one time, a scan representing as the orbit an orbit formed by combining a circular orbit and a linear orbit in this order, and

wherein the weighting unit is configured to weight the three-dimensional Radon data produced from the projection data acquired by using, as the weighting function, a weighting function giving not only a maximum weight at both a data acquisition time representative of a time of the reconstructed image and another data acquisition time falling into a smaller temporal range including the data acquisition time representing the maximum weight but also giving a minimum weight at both of a data acquisition time when the movement along the circular orbit is started and a further data acquisition time when the movement along the linear orbit is ended.