Energy management system for automotive vehicle

• US 6,909,287 B2
• Filed: 10/29/2001
• Issued: 06/21/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Midtronics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Midtronics Incorporated
• Inventors: Bertness, Kevin I.
• Primary Examiner(s): TOATLEY, GREGORY J
• Application Number:
  US10/046,659
• Publication Number:
  US 20030025481A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,331 Days
• Field of Search: 320/134, 320/135, 320/136, 320/162, 307/66, 324/427, 324/433, 701/63, 701/22, 180/165, 180/652
• US Class Current: 324/427
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/007 using microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3647 for determining the ability of a battery to perform a critical function, e.g. cranking
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/374 with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/385 Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables for monitoring G01R31/382
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/389 Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00041 in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/163 with special means for initiating or limiting the excitation current

Abstract

A battery monitor is provided for use with a battery of an automotive vehicle. The battery monitor can provide real time battery condition measurements and can selectively control the charging of the battery through an alternator of the vehicle based upon the measured battery condition.

Claims

1. An apparatus for monitoring charging of a storage battery in a vehicle, comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including an alternator to charge the battery; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connection and configured to measure a condition of the battery, a charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the connection to the electrical system comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the battery condition is related to a response of the battery to a time varying signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output is provided to an operator.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output provides an indication that the vehicle must be driven for an extended period of time.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output provides an indication that an alternative charging method must be used.

9. An apparatus for monitoring use of a storage battery in a vehicle, comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including an alternator to charge the battery; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connection and configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery by the alternator and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery wherein battery condition is related to a response of the battery to the time varying signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery is stored over a life of the vehicle.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the historical charging information and usage information of the battery is stored during manufacturing of the vehicle.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the historical charging information and usage information of the battery is stored during delivery of the vehicle.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to monitor a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the connection to the electrical system comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the microprocessor is configured to communicate with a digital memory of the storage battery.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein communication with the digital memory is through the electrical connection.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the digital memory contains information related to a rating of the storage battery.

18. An apparatus for monitoring an electrical system of a vehicle having a storage battery, comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including an alternator to charge the battery; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical system through the electrical connection configured to monitor data points and store them in a memory, the microprocessor configured to observe a loss of one or more phases of an output of the alternator and responsively provide an output.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the output comprises a “

service alternator soon”

output.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the output is communicated to a vehicle microprocessor.

21. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery, charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

24. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the connection to the electrical system comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

25. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the battery condition is related to a response to the battery to a time varying signal.

26. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery by the alternator and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery is stored over a life of the vehicle.

28. An apparatus for monitoring a storage battery of an automotive vehicle, comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including an alternator to charge the battery to charge the battery and at least one controllable load which draws power through the electrical system; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connector configured to measure a condition of the battery indicative of state of charge (SOC) of the battery and reduce power drawn by the load in response to battery state of charge.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the microprocessor couples to a databus of the vehicle.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery, charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

32. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

33. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the connection to the electrical system comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

34. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the condition of the battery is related to a response of the battery to a time varying signal.

35. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the microprocessor is configured to communicate with a digital memory of the storage battery.

37. An apparatus in an automotive vehicle for monitoring a starter motor used to start an engine of the vehicle, the apparatus comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including a battery and the starter motor; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connection configured to determine a time to start the engine of the vehicle by the starter motor and detect an imminent failure of the starter motor based upon the time to start the engine of the vehicle by the starter motor.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the microprocessor monitors a voltage drop of the electrical system to determine the time to start the vehicle by the starter motor.

39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the microprocessor determines current required during starting and imminent starter motor failure is determined based upon the current.

40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the determined current comprises average current during starting.

41. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the determined current comprises peak current required during starting.

42. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery, charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

44. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

45. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the connection to the electrical connector comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

46. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the battery condition is related to a response to the battery to a time varying signal.

47. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery.

48. An apparatus in an automotive vehicle for monitoring a starter motor used to start an engine of the vehicle, the apparatus comprising:

an electrical connection to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including a battery and the starter motor; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connection configured to determine a current required to start the engine of the vehicle by the starter motor and detect an imminent failure of the starter motor based upon the current required to start the engine of the vehicle by the starter motor.

49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the determined current comprises average current during starting.

50. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the determined current comprises peak current required during starting.

51. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the microprocessor monitors a voltage drop of the electrical system to determine a time to start the vehicle by the starter motor.

52. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery, charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

54. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

55. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein the connection to the electrical connector comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

56. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery.

57. An apparatus for monitoring a storage battery in an automotive vehicle, comprising:

an electrical connection coupled to an electrical system of the vehicle, the electrical system including the storage battery; and

a microprocessor coupled to the electrical connection configured to sense replacement of the storage battery, measure a capacity of the battery, and responsively provide an indication that a battery capacity is less than a threshold level.

58. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the threshold is stored in a memory of the vehicle.

59. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery, charge applied to the battery, and a drive cycle of the vehicle and responsively provide an output related to the battery condition, charge applied to the battery and the drive cycle.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the output is indicative of a drive cycle which is insufficient to maintain battery charge.

61. The apparatus of claim 59 wherein the output is indicative of a number of drive cycles which the battery can support.

62. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the connection to the electrical connector comprises a four point Kelvin connection.

63. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the battery capacity is related to a response to the battery to a time varying signal.

64. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the microprocessor is further configured to measure a condition of the battery and monitor charging of the battery and store historical charging information and usage information of the storage battery.