Multi-threshold smoothing

• US 6,910,079 B2
• Filed: 01/24/2003
• Issued: 06/21/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Southern California
• Original Assignee: University of Southern California
• Inventors: Shahabi, Cyrus, Zimmermann, Roger, Fu, Kun
• Primary Examiner(s): LANE, JOHN A
• Application Number:
  US10/351,462
• Publication Number:
  US 20030165150A1
• Time in Patent Office: 879 Days
• Field of Search: 709/233, 709/234, 709/235, 370/412, 370/413, 710/52, 710/60
• US Class Current: 709/233
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/10 Flow control; Congestion control
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/22 Traffic shaping
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/2416 Real-time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/263 Rate modification at the source after receiving feedback
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/29 using a combination of thresholds
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/30 in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/612 for unicast
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 Responding to QoS

Abstract

Systems and techniques are provided for using a multi-threshold buffer model to smooth data transmission to a client. A client to receive data such as streaming media data may include a buffer. A server to transmit data to the client may transmit the data to the client at a first server transmission rate. The client buffer level may be determined at different times; for example, a first buffer level may be determined at a first time and a second buffer level may be determined at a second time. If the buffer level is at a threshold level or has passed a threshold level between the first and second times, server transmission rate information may be determined and may be sent to the server.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

receiving streaming media data from a server, the server transmitting the data at a first server transmission rate;

storing at least some of the streaming media data in a buffer;

determining a first buffer level of the buffer;

subsequently determining a second buffer level of the buffer;

comparing the first buffer level and the second buffer level to a plurality of buffer thresholds, the plurality of buffer thresholds including an underflow threshold, an overflow threshold, and a plurality of intermediate thresholds;

determining whether at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in a range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level; and

if at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in the range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level, determining a second server transmission rate based on the at least one buffer threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting server transmission information based on the second server transmission rate to the server.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the server transmission information is chosen from the second server transmission rate and the difference between the first server transmission rate and the second server transmission rate.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the second server transmission rate to the server if the second server transmission rate is different than the first server transmission rate.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold comprises determining a difference between the second buffer level and a target buffer level.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold comprises predicting one or more future consumption rates.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold comprises using a first calculation method to determine the second server transmission rate if the underflow threshold or the overflow threshold is not in the range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold comprises using a second calculation method to determine the second server transmission rate if the underflow threshold or the overflow threshold is in the range from the first buffer level and the second buffer level.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold comprises predicting a consumption rate at a first time subsequent to a current time.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein predicting a consumption rate at a first time subsequent to a current time comprises using a consumption rate at a second time previous to the current time to predict the consumption rate at the first time.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein predicting a consumption rate at a first time subsequent to a current time comprises predicting the consumption rate using a prediction algorithm.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the prediction algorithm is chosen from the group consisting of an average consumption rate algorithm, an exponential average consumption rate algorithm, and a fuzzy exponential average algorithm.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the prediction algorithm is chosen from the group consisting of an exponential average consumption rate algorithm and a fuzzy exponential average algorithm, and wherein the prediction algorithm includes determining a smoothed consumption rate parameter based on one or more weighting factors.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the prediction algorithm is a fuzzy exponential average algorithm, and at least one of the one or more weighting factor is based on a variability of the streaming media data.

15. A method, comprising:

transmitting continuous media data to a client machine at a first transmission rate;

receiving a communication from the client machine, the communication including rate change information determined by the client; and

transmitting additional continuous media data to the client machine at a second transmission rate based on the rate change information, wherein the rate change information determined by the client is determined according to a method comprising;

determining a first buffer level of a client buffer;

subsequently determining a second buffer level of the client buffer;

comparing the first buffer level and the second buffer level to a plurality of buffer thresholds, the plurality of buffer thresholds including an underflow threshold, an overflow threshold, and a plurality of intermediate thresholds; and

determining whether at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in a range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level, and if at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in the range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level, determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold.

16. An article comprising a machine-readable medium storing instructions operable to cause one or more machines to perform operations comprising:

receiving streaming media data from a server, the server transmitting the data at a first server transmission rate;

storing at least some of the streaming media data in a buffer;

determining a first buffer level of the buffer;

subsequently determining a second buffer level of the buffer;

comparing the first buffer level and the second buffer level to a plurality of buffer thresholds, the plurality of buffer thresholds including an underflow threshold, an overflow threshold, and a plurality of intermediate thresholds;

determining whether at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in a range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level; and

if at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in the range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level, determining a second server transmission rate based on the buffer threshold.

17. A system, comprising:

means for receiving streaming media data from a server, the server transmitting the data at a first server transmission rate;

means for storing at least some of the streaming media data in a buffer;

means for determining a first buffer level of the buffer;

means for subsequently determining a second buffer level of the buffer;

means for comparing the first buffer level and the second buffer level to a plurality of buffer thresholds, the plurality of buffer thresholds including an underflow threshold, an overflow threshold, and a plurality of intermediate thresholds;

means for determining whether at least one of the plurality of buffer thresholds is in a range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level; and

means for determining a second server transmission rate based on a buffer threshold in the range from the first buffer level to the second buffer level.

18. The system of claim 17, further comprising means for predicting a future consumption rate based on one or more prior consumption rates.

19. The system of claim 17, further comprising means for communicating server transmission information to the server.

20. The system of claim 17, further comprising means for storing the plurality of buffer thresholds.