Ultra wideband signals for conveying data

• US 6,912,372 B2
• Filed: 11/18/2002
• Issued: 06/28/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: North Star Innovations Inc. (Wi-LAN Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Rofheart, Martin, McCorkle, John W., Miller, Timothy R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Trinh, Sonny
• Application Number:
  US10/295,926
• Publication Number:
  US 20030096578A1
• Time in Patent Office: 953 Days
• Field of Search: 455/113, 455/119, 455/23, 455/166.1, 455/166.2, 455/41.2, 455/39, 455/62, 455/454, 455/118, 375/295, 375/289, 375/146, 375/130, 375/219, 375280-283
• US Class Current: 455/39
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/023 Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like G01S7/021; means for anti-jamming G01S7/36
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7172 Pulse shape in general H04L25/03834
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/74 for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus replacing by standby devices for amplifiers H03F1/52, H03F1/542
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4902 Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0004 using wavelets

Abstract

A method for conveying application data via carrierless ultra wideband wireless signals, and signals embodied in a carrierless ultra wideband waveform. Application data is encoded into wavelets that are transmitted as a carrierless ultra wideband waveform. The carrierless ultra wideband waveform is received by an antenna, and the application data is decoded from the wavelets included in the waveform. The waveforms of the signals include wavelets that have a predetermined shape that is used to modulate the data. The signals may convey, for example, Web pages and executable programs between mobile devices. The signals are low power and can penetrate obstructions making them favorable for use with a wireless node of a network.

Claims

1. A method for conveying high rate data via ultra wideband wireless signals comprising the steps of:

encoding the high rate data onto two or more characteristics of wavelets, the encoding comprising at least two forms selected from the group consisting essentially of;

frequency encoding, bi-phase encoding, multilevel bi-phase encoding, quadrature phase encoding, multi-phase encoding, multilevel multi-phase encoding, and pulse position encoding;

transmitting an ultra wideband waveform via a first antenna, the ultra wideband waveform including the wavelets encoded with the high rate data;

receiving the ultra wideband waveform with a second antenna; and

decoding the high rate data from the wavelets included in the ultra wideband waveform received in the receiving step.

2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the encoding of the high rate data onto two or more characteristics of the wavelets produces a sequence of the wavelets modulated in shape.

3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the wavelets comprise sinusoidal signals weighted in accord with a function selected from the group consisting essentially of:

a Gaussian function, a Rectangular function, a Hanning function, a Hamming function, a Blackman-Harris function, a Nutall function, a Taylor function, a Kaiser function, and a Chebychev function.

4. The method as in claim 1, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises wavelets in number from i=1 to infinity, each wavelet shape corresponding to a pulse function having a shape that can be changed from pulse to pulse, the pulse function comprising:

g_Bi(t)=Re(B_i,1)·

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)+Im(B_i,1)·

h_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)

where function ƒ

defines a basic wavelet shape, function h is a Hubert transform of the function ƒ

, parameter B_i,1 is a complex number allowing the magnitude and phase of each wavelet pulse to be adjusted, α

_I is selected from a finite set of amplitudes, θ

_i is selected from a finite set of phases, and parameters {B_i,2, B_i,3, . . . } represent a generic group of parameters for controlling wavelet shape.

5. The method as in claim 4, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being derivatives of a Guassian waveform, in accord with;

$f_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\mathrm{\Psi <br><br>}<br><br>\left(B_{i,2},B_{i,3}\right)<br><br>\left(\frac{{d<br><br>}^{B_{i,3}}}{d<br><br>t^{B_{i,3}}}<br><br>e^{-{\left(\left[B_{i,2^t}\right]\right)}^2}\right),$

where function Ψ

( ) normalizes peak absolute value of ƒ

_Bi(t) to 1, parameter B_i,2 controls pulse duration and center frequency, and parameter B_i,3 represents a number of derivatives and controls bandwidth and center frequency.

6. The method as in claim 4, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a waveform sequence x(t) comprising a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being Gaussian weighted sinusoidal functions in accord with;

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3,Bi,4}=ƒ

<sub>ω

i,ki,bi</sub>(t)=e<sup>−

[bit]2</sup> sin(ω

_it+k_it²),

where, b_i controls pulse duration, ω

_i controls center frequency, and k_i controls a chirp rate.

7. The method as in claim 4, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes comprising inverse-exponentially weighted sinusoidal functions, in accord with:

$g_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i1}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}-\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i2}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}\right)·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_i+{\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}}_i^t+k_i^{t^2}\right),$

where {B_i,2,B_i,3,B_i,4,B_i,5,B_i,6,B_i,7,B_i,8}={t_1i,t_2i,t_ri,t_fi,θ

_i,ω

_i,k_i}

where leading edge turn on time is controlled by t₁, turn-on rate is controlled by t_r, trailing edge turn-off tune is controlled by t₂, and turn-off rate is controlled by t_f,

wherein if chirp starts at t=0 and T_D is pulse duration, starting phase is controlled by θ

, starting frequency is controlled by ω

, chirp rate is controlled by k, and stopping frequency is controlled by ω

+kT_D.

8. The method as in claim 1, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform has a center frequency f_c, and bandwidth B of a power spectrum for the transmitted ultra wideband waveform satisfies a relationship of:

2f_c>

B>

0.25f_c.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the encoding of the high rate data onto two or more characteristics comprises M-ary waveform modulation.

10. The method as in claim 1, wherein the encoding of the high rate data onto two or more characteristics of the wavelets comprises:

varying a frequency of the wavelets, and

a modulation of the varying frequency wavelets, the modulation being selected from the group of modulation techniques consisting essentially of;

bi-phase modulation, multilevel bi-phase modulation, quadrature phase modulation, multi-phase modulation, multilevel multi-phase modulation, and pulse position modulation.

11. The method as in claim 10, wherein the varying of frequency of the wavelets comprises frequency modulating at least portions of the high rate data on the wavelets.

12. The method as in claim 1, the encoding of the high rate data onto two or more characteristics of the wavelets comprises:

varying a phase of the wavelets, and

a modulation of the varying phase wavelets, the modulation being selected from the group of modulation techniques consisting essentially of;

frequency modulation, multilevel modulation, and pulse position modulation.

13. The method as in claim 12, wherein the varying of phase of the wavelets comprises phase modulating at least portions of the high rate data on the wavelets.

14. The method as in claim 13, wherein the phase modulating comprises a modulation technique selected from the group consisting essentially of:

bi-phase modulation, multilevel bi-phase modulation, quadrature phase modulation, multi-phase modulation, and multilevel multi-phase modulation.

15. The method as in claim 1, wherein the high rate data comprises application data, including one or more computer executable instructions.

16. The method as in claim 15, wherein the one or more computer executable instructions are in a format selected from the group consisting essentially of:

a Web page, a markup language format, a Java program, a scripting language, and ActiveX control.

17. A communication signal embodied in an ultra wideband waveform, comprising:

a plurality of wavelets; and

information comprising high rate data for communication from one device to another device, wherein

the high rate data is encoded on the plurality of wavelets, the encoding on the plurality of wavelets comprising at least two forms selected from the group consisting essentially of;

frequency encoding, bi-phase encoding, multilevel bi-phase encoding, quadrature phase encoding, multi-phase encoding, multilevel multi-phase encoding, and pulse position encoding.

18. The communication signal as in claim 17, wherein the high rate data comprises application data, including one or more computer executable instructions.

19. The communication signal as in claim 17, wherein the high rate data comprises at least one of:

(a) a Web page,

(b) a computer executable program,

(c) data,

(d) software,

(e) digitized voice,

(f) video,

(g) a graphical image, and

(h) text.

20. The communication signal as in claim 17, wherein the wavelets encoded with the high rate data form a sequence of the wavelets modulated as to shape.

21. The communication signal as in claim 17, wherein the wavelets comprise sinusoidal signals weighted in accord with a function selected from the group consisting essentially of:

a Gaussian function, a Rectangular function, a Hanning function, a Hamming function, a Blackman-Harris function, a Nutall function, a Taylor function, a Kaiser function, and a Chebychev function.

22. The communication signal as in claim 17, wherein the ultra wideband waveform comprises wavelets in number from i=1 to infinity, each wavelet shape corresponding to a pulse function having a shape that can be changed from pulse to pulse, the pulse function comprising:

g_Bi(t)=Re(B_i,1)·

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)+Im(B_i,1)·

h_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t),

where function ƒ

defines a basic wavelet shape, function h is a Hubert transform of the function ƒ

, parameter B_i,1 is a complex number allowing the magnitude and phase of each wavelet pulse to be adjusted, α

_I is selected from a finite set of amplitudes, θ

_i is selected from a finite set of phases, and parameters {B_i,1, B_i,2, . . . } represent a generic group of parameters for controlling wavelet shape.

23. The communication signal as in claim 22, wherein the ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being derivatives of a Guassian waveform, in accord with;

$f_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\mathrm{\Psi <br><br>}<br><br>\left(B_{i,2},B_{i,3}\right)<br><br>\left(\frac{{d<br><br>}^{B_{i,3}}}{d<br><br>t^{B_{i,3}}}<br><br>e^{-{\left(\left[B_{i,2^t}\right]\right)}^2}\right),$

where function Ψ

( ) normalizes peak absolute value of ƒ

_Bi(t) to 1, parameter B_i,2 controls pulse duration and center frequency, and parameter B_i,3 represents a number of derivatives and controls bandwidth and center frequency.

24. The method as in claim 22, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a waveform sequence x(t) comprising a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being Gaussian weighted sinusoidal functions in accord with;

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3,Bi,4}=ƒ

<sub>ω

i,ki,bi</sub>(t)=e<sup>−

[bit]2</sup> sin(ω

_it+k_it²),

where, b_i controls pulse duration, ω

_i controls center frequency, and k_i controls a chirp rate.

25. The method as in claim 22, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes comprising inverse-exponentially weighted sinusoidal functions, in accord with:

$g_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i1}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}-\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i2}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}\right)·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_i+{\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}}_i^t+k_i^{t^2}\right),$

where {B_i,2,B_i,3,B_i,4,B_i,5,B_i,6,B_i,7,B_i,8}={t_1i,t_2i,t_ri,t_fi,θ

_i,ω

_i,k_i}

where leading edge turn on time is controlled by t₁, turn-on rate is controlled by t_r, trailing edge turn-off tune is controlled by t₂, and turn-off rate is controlled by t_f,

wherein if chirp starts at t=0 and T_D is pulse duration, starting phase is controlled by θ

, starting frequency is controlled by ω

, chirp rate is controlled by k, and stopping frequency is controlled by ω

+kT_D.

26. The method as in claim 17, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform has a center frequency f_c, and bandwidth B of a power spectrum for the transmitted ultra wideband waveform satisfies a relationship of:

2f_c>

B>

0.25f_c.

27. An ultra wideband data transmission method, comprising steps of:

receiving an input of high rate data for communication;

generating wavelets with the high rate data encoded onto two or more characteristics of the wavelets, the generating step comprising encoding of the wavelets in at least two forms selected from the group consisting essentially of;

frequency encoding, bi-phase encoding, multilevel bi-phase encoding, quadrature phase encoding, multi-phase encoding, multilevel multi-phase encoding, and pulse position encoding;

forming an ultra wideband waveform signal including the wavelets encoded with the high rate data; and

transmitting the ultra wideband waveform signal via a communication link.

28. The method as in claim 27, wherein the encoding of the high rate data onto two or more characteristics of the wavelets produces a sequence of the wavelets modulated in shape.

29. The method as in claim 27, wherein the wavelets comprise sinusoidal signals weighted in accord with a function selected from the group consisting essentially of:

a Gaussian function, a Rectangular function, a Hanning function, a Hamming function, a Blackman-Harris function, a Nutall function, a Taylor function, a Kaiser function, and a Chebychev function.

30. The method as in claim 27, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises wavelets in number from i=1 to infinity, each wavelet shape corresponding to a pulse function having a shape that can be changed from pulse to pulse, the pulse function comprising:

g_Bi(t)=Re(B_i,1)·

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)+Im(B_i,1)·

h_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t),

where function ƒ

defines a basic wavelet shape, function h is a Hubert transform of the function ƒ

, parameter B_i,1 is a complex number allowing the magnitude and phase of each wavelet pulse to be adjusted, α

_I is selected from a finite set of amplitudes, θ

_i is selected from a finite set of phases, and parameters {B_1,2, B_i,3, . . . } represent a generic group of parameters for controlling wavelet shape.

31. The method as in claim 30, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being derivatives of a Guassian waveform, in accord with;

$f_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\mathrm{\Psi <br><br>}<br><br>\left(B_{i,2},B_{i,3}\right)<br><br>\left(\frac{{d<br><br>}^{B_{i,3}}}{d<br><br>t^{B_{i,3}}}<br><br>e^{-{\left(\left[B_{i,2^t}\right]\right)}^2}\right),$

where function Ψ

( ) normalizes peak absolute value of ƒ

_Bi(t) to 1, parameter B_i,2 controls pulse duration and center frequency, and parameter B_i,3 represents a number of derivatives and controls bandwidth and center frequency.

32. The method as in claim 30, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a waveform sequence x(t) comprising a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being Gaussian weighted sinusoidal functions in accord with;

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3,Bi,4}=ƒ

<sub>ω

i,ki,bi</sub>(t)=e<sup>−

[bit]2</sup> sin(ω

_it+k_it²),

where, b_i controls pulse duration, ω

_i controls center frequency, and k_i controls a chirp rate.

33. The method as in claim 30, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes comprising inverse-exponentially weighted sinusoidal functions, in accord with:

$g_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i1}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}-\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i2}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}\right)·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_i+{\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}}_i^t+k_i^{t^2}\right),$

where {B_i,2,B_i,3,B_i,4,B_i,5,B_i,6,B_i,7,B_i,8}={t_1i,t_2i,t_ri,t_fi,θ

_i,ω

_i,k_i}

where leading edge turn on time is controlled by t₁, turn-on rate is controlled by t_r, trailing edge turn-off tune is controlled by t₂, and turn-off rate is controlled by t_f,

wherein if chirp starts at t=0 and T_D is pulse duration, starting phase is controlled by θ

, starting frequency is controlled by ω

, chirp rate is controlled by k, and stopping frequency is controlled by ω

+kT_D.

34. The method as in claim 27, wherein the transmitted ultra wideband waveform has a center frequency f_c and bandwidth B of a power spectrum for the transmitted ultra wideband waveform satisfies a relationship of:

2f_c>

B>

0.25f_c.

35. An ultra wideband data reception method, comprising:

receiving an ultra wideband waveform signal via a communication link;

the ultra wideband waveform signal comprising encoded wavelets, the wavelets being encoded in at least two forms selected from the group consisting essentially of;

frequency encoding, bi-phase encoding, multilevel bi-phase encoding, quadrature phase encoding, multi-phase encoding, multilevel multi-phase encoding, and pulse position encoding;

decoding the wavelets from the received ultra wideband waveform signal to recover high rate data from the received ultra wideband waveform signal; and

outputting the recovered high rate data.

36. The method as in claim 35, wherein the decoding comprises recovery of the high rate data having been encoded onto a shape modulated sequence of the wavelets.

37. The method as in claim 35, wherein the wavelets comprise sinusoidal signals weighted in accord with a function selected from the group consisting essentially of:

a Gaussian function, a Rectangular function, a Hanning function, a Hamming function, a Blackman-Harris function, a Nutall function, a Taylor function, a Kaiser function, and a Chebychev function.

38. The method as in claim 35, wherein the received ultra wideband waveform comprises wavelets in number from i=1 to infinity, each wavelet shape corresponding to a pulse function having a shape that can be changed from pulse to pulse, the pulse function comprising:

g_Bi(t)=Re(B_i,1)·

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)+Im(B_i,1)·

h_{Bi,2,Bi,3, . . .} (t)

where function ƒ

defines a basic wavelet shape, function h is a Hubert transform of the function ƒ

, parameter B_i,1 is a complex number allowing the magnitude and phase of each wavelet pulse to be adjusted, α

_I is selected from a finite set of amplitudes, θ

_i is selected from a finite set of phases, and parameters {B_1,2, B_i,3, . . . } represent a generic group of parameters for controlling wavelet shape.

39. The method as in claim 38, wherein the received ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being derivatives of a Guassian waveform, in accord with;

$f_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\mathrm{\Psi <br><br>}<br><br>\left(B_{i,2},B_{i,3}\right)<br><br>\left(\frac{{d<br><br>}^{B_{i,3}}}{d<br><br>t^{B_{i,3}}}<br><br>e^{-{\left(\left[B_{i,2^t}\right]\right)}^2}\right),$

where function Ψ

( ) normalizes peak absolute value of ƒ

_Bi(t) to 1, parameter B_i,2 controls pulse duration and center frequency, and parameter B_i,3 represents a number of derivatives and controls bandwidth and center frequency.

40. The method as in claim 38, wherein the received ultra wideband waveform comprises a waveform sequence x(t) comprising a family of wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

, the wavelet pulse shapes ƒ

being Gaussian weighted sinusoidal functions in accord with;

ƒ

_{Bi,2,Bi,3,Bi,4}=ƒ

<sub>ω

i,ki,bi</sub>(t)=e<sup>−

[bit]2</sup> sin(ω

_it+k_it²),

where, b_i controls pulse duration, ω

_i controls center frequency, and k_i controls a chirp rate.

41. The method as in claim 38, wherein the received ultra wideband waveform comprises a family of wavelet pulse shapes comprising inverse-exponentially weighted sinusoidal functions, in accord with:

$g_{B_i}<br><br>\left(t\right)=\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i1}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}-\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\left(t-{\mathrm{i2}}_i\right)}{\mathrm{.3}*t<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>f_i}}+1}\right)·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}_i+{\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}}_i^t+k_i^{t^2}\right),$

where {B_i,2,B_i,3,B_i,4,B_i,5,B_i,6,B_i,7,B_i,8}={t_1i,t_2i,t_ri,t_fi,θ

_i,ω

_i,k_i}

where leading edge turn on time is controlled by t₁, turn-on rate is controlled by t_r, trailing edge turn-off tune is controlled by t₂, and turn-off rate is controlled by t_f,

wherein if chirp starts at t=0 and T_D is pulse duration, starting phase is controlled by θ

, starting frequency is controlled by ω

, chirp rate is controlled by k, and stopping frequency is controlled by ω

+kT_D.

42. The method as in claim 35, wherein the ultra wideband waveform has a center frequency f_c, and bandwidth B of a power spectrum for the transmitted ultra wideband waveform satisfies a relationship of:

2f_c>

B>

0.25f_c.