System and method for treating obstructive sleep apnea

• US 6,935,335 B1
• Filed: 08/17/2000
• Issued: 08/30/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sleep Methods, Inc.
• Original Assignee: iLife Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Lehrman, Michael L., Halleck, Michael E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bennett, Henry
• Assistant Examiner(s): WIEKER, AMANDA FLYNN
• Application Number:
  US09/641,983
• Time in Patent Office: 1,839 Days
• Field of Search: 600/546, 600/559, 600/587, 600/590
• US Class Current: 128/200.24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4818 Sleep apnoea
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6822 Neck
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/003 Detecting lung or respiration noise
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0069 the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3375 Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/581 by audible feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/582 by tactile feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/583 by visual feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/587 Lighting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3601 of respiratory organs

Abstract

There is disclosed a system and method for treating obstructive sleep apnea by terminating an obstructive sleep apnea event before the cessation of breathing occurs. The system comprises one or more microphones capable of detecting breathing sounds within an airway of a person. The microphones generate signals representative of the breathing sounds and send the signals to a controller. The controller uses digital signal processing to identify at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of the person that occurs at the onset of an obstructive sleep apnea event. When the controller detects a signal pattern that indicates the onset of an obstructive apnea event, the controller sends an alarm signal to a stimulus generator. The stimulus generator creates a stimulus (an electric current, a sound, a vibrator, a flashing light, etc.) to cause the sleeping person to move in a manner to terminate the obstructive sleep apnea event before cessation of breathing occurs. The obstructive sleep apnea event is terminated without waking the sleeping person and without causing the sleeping person physiological stress associated with cessation of breathing.

Claims

1. An apparatus for terminating a physiological process that causes cessation of breathing to occur in an airway of a person due to a complete obstruction of said airway due to an obstructive sleep apnea event, wherein said physiological process is terminated before cessation of breathing occurs, wherein the apparatus comprises:

at least one microphone capable of being acoustically associated with said person, said microphone capable of detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person and capable of generating signals representative of said breathing sounds;

a controller coupled to said at least one microphone and capable of receiving said signals, said controller capable of identifying within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process, before cessation of breathing occurs, and capable of generating an alarm signal in response thereto; and

a stimulus generator coupled to said controller, said stimulus generator capable of receiving said alarm signal from said controller, and in response thereto, creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said stimulus generator comprises an electrical current source placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said stimulus generator comprises a vibrator and a sound generator placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said stimulus generator comprises a vibrator and an electrical current source placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a base station coupled to said controller wherein said controller is capable of sending an alarm signal to said base station to indicate that at least one signal pattern has been identified that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising at least one filter coupled between said at least one microphone and said controller, wherein said at least one filter is capable of filtering said signals from said at least one microphone to create filtered signals representative of said breathing sounds, and wherein said controller is capable of identifying within said filtered signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an airflow sensor capable of detecting a flow of air within an airway of said person and capable of generating an airflow detection signal that is representative of the presence of said flow of air;

and

wherein said controller is coupled to said airflow sensor and is capable of receiving said airflow detection signal from said airflow sensor to obtain information concerning the breathing of said person.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said controller comprises software capable of analyzing said signals to identify within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said software analyzes said signals using Fast Fourier Transform analysis to identify at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said controller operates only during one half of the respiration cycle.

11. An apparatus for terminating a physiological process that causes partially occluded breathing to occur in an airway of a person due to a partial obstruction of said airway due to an obstructive sleep apnea event, wherein said physiological process is terminated before cessation of breathing occurs, wherein the apparatus comprises:

at least one microphone capable of being acoustically associated with said person, said microphone capable of detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person and capable of generating signals representative of said breathing sounds;

a controller coupled to said at least one microphone and capable of receiving said signals, said controller capable of identifying within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs, and capable of generating an alarm signal in response thereto; and

a stimulus generator coupled to said controller, said stimulus generator capable of receiving said alarm signal from said controller, and in response thereto, creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backward to terminate said partially occluded breathing and to restore normal breathing.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said stimulus generator comprises an electrical current source placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said stimulus generator comprises a vibrator and a sound generator placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said stimulus generator comprises a vibrator and an electrical current source placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 further comprising a base station coupled to said controller wherein said controller is capable of sending an alarm signal to said base station to indicate that at least one signal pattern has been identified that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 further comprising at least one filter coupled between said at least one microphone and said controller, wherein said at least one filter is capable of filtering said signals from said at least one microphone to create filtered signals representative of said breathing sounds, and wherein said controller is capable of identifying within said filtered signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 further comprising an airflow sensor capable of detecting a flow of air within an airway of said person and capable of generating an airflow detection signal that is representative of the presence of said flow of air;

and

wherein said controller is coupled to said airflow sensor and is capable of receiving said airflow detection signal from said airflow sensor to obtain information concerning the breathing of said person.

18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said controller comprises software capable of analyzing said signals to identify within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein said software analyzes said signals using Fast Fourier Transform analysis to identify at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said controller operates only during one half of the respiration cycle.

21. A method for terminating a physiological process that causes cessation of breathing to occur in an airway of a person due to a complete obstruction of said airway due to an obstructive sleep apnea event, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person;

generating signals representative of said breathing sounds;

identifying within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs; and

creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

22. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said step of creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs comprises the step of:

generating an electrical current through the neck muscles of said person.

23. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said step of creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs comprises the steps of:

activating a vibrator placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles; and

generating a sound with a sound generator placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles.

24. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said step of creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs comprises the steps of:

activating a vibrator placed adjacent to said person'"'"'s neck muscles; and

generating an electrical current through the neck muscles of said person.

25. The method as claimed in claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

filtering said signals representative of said breathing sounds to create filtered signals representative of said breathing sounds; and

identifying within said filtered signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

26. The method as claimed in claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

recording said at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs;

monitoring said signals representative of said breathing sounds as said person breathes;

comparing said signals representative of said breathing sounds with said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs; and

identifying within said signals a signal pattern that is substantially the same as said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs.

27. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the step of detecting breathing sounds within an airway of said person comprises:

detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person only during one half of the respiration cycle.

28. A method for terminating a physiological process that causes partially occluded breathing to occur in an airway of a person due to a partial obstruction of said airway due to an obstructive sleep apnea event, wherein said physiological process is terminated before cessation of breathing occurs, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person;

generating signals representative of said breathing sounds;

identifying within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs;

recording said at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs;

monitoring said signals representative of said breathing sounds as said person breathes;

comparing said signals representative of said breathing sounds with said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs;

identifying within said signals a signal pattern that is substantially the same as said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a partially occluded breathing pattern of said person that occurs at the onset of said physiological process before cessation of breathing occurs; and

creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to terminate said partially occluded breathing and to restore normal breathing.

29. A method for terminating a physiological process that causes cessation of breathing to occur in an airway of a person due to a complete obstruction of said airway due to an obstructive sleep apnea event, wherein said physiological process is terminated before cessation of breathing occurs, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting breathing sounds within said airway of said person;

generating signals representative of said breathing sounds;

identifying within said signals at least one signal pattern that is associated with a normal breathing pattern of said person;

recording said at least one signal pattern that is associated with a normal breathing pattern of said person;

monitoring said signals representative of said breathing sounds as said person breathes;

comparing said signals representative of said breathing sounds with said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a normal breathing pattern of said person;

identifying within said signals a signal pattern that is substantially different from said recorded at least one signal pattern that is associated with a normal breathing pattern of said person; and

creating a stimulus to said person'"'"'s neck muscles to cause said person to move said person'"'"'s neck muscles to move said person'"'"'s head backwards to restore normal breathing before cessation of breathing occurs.