Transponder interrogators, radio frequency identification device communication systems, transponder interrogator communication methods, and radio frequency identification device communication methods

• US 6,938,200 B2
• Filed: 09/05/2003
• Issued: 08/30/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Ovard, David K., Pax, George E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ton, David
• Application Number:
  US10/655,653
• Publication Number:
  US 20040049718A1
• Time in Patent Office: 725 Days
• Field of Search: 250/341, 342/45, 375/329, 375/368, 375/362, 375/348, 375/356, 714/744, 714/798
• US Class Current: 714/798
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/33 Synchronisation based on error coding or decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0334 Processing of samples having at least three levels, e.g. soft decisions
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/046 using a dotting sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/10 Arrangements for initial synchronisation

Abstract

The present invention includes bit synchronizers and methods of synchronizing and calculating error. One method of synchronizing with a data signal in accordance with the present invention includes providing a data signal having a first portion and a second portion, generating a timing signal, first adjusting the timing signal during the first portion of the data signal, accumulating a history value during the first portion of the data signal, and second adjusting the timing signal during a second portion of the data signal using the history.

Claims

1. A transponder interrogator comprising:

transmit circuitry configured to output a radio frequency interrogation signal;

receive circuitry configured to receive a radio frequency response signal communicated responsive to the radio frequency interrogation signal; and

wherein the receive circuitry is configured to sample data of the response signal according to a timing signal, to determine error information of the timing signal with respect to the response signal during a first portion of the response signal, and to adjust the timing signal using the error information during a second portion of the response signal to sample data of the second portion of the response signal, wherein the second portion of the response signal is received by the transponder interrogator after reception of the first portion of the response signal.

2. The interrogator of claim 1 wherein the transmit circuitry and the receive circuitry are configured to implement radio frequency identification device communications with a radio frequency identification device.

3. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the trasnmit circuitry and the receive circuitry are configured to implement non-synchronized communcations with respect to the radio frequency identification device.

4. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the receive circuitry is configured to determine the error information using timing information from the first portion of the response signal and timing information is absent from the second portion of the response signal.

5. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the receive circuitry is configured to determine the error information using timing information obtained from phase changes within the first portion of the response signal.

6. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the receive circuitry is configured to adjust the timing signal during the first portion of the response signal using timing information from the response signal and to determine the error information corresponding to the adjustment of the timing signal during the first portion of the response signal.

7. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the error information corresponds to misalignment of the timing signal and bits of the response signal.

8. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the receive circuitry is configured to adjust the timing signal to provide sampling of the response signal at substantially middle portions of respective bits of the response signal.

9. The interrogator of claim 2 wherein the timing signal comprises a bit clock signal having a frequency substantially equal to a bit rate of the response signal to control sampling of bits of the response signal.

10. A radio frequency identification device communication system comprising:

an interrogator configured to output a radio frequency interrogation signal;

a radio frequency identification device configured to receive the interrogation signal and to output a radio frequency response signal; and

wherein the interrogator is configured to receive the response signal, to sample a plurality of portions of the response signal using a timing signal, to adjust the timing of the timing signal during sampling of one portion of the response signal, to accumulate a history indicative of at least some of the adjustments during the sampling of the one portion, and to adjust the timing of the timing signal during sampling of an other portion of the response signal using the history.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the interrogator and the radio frequency identification device are configured to implement backscatter communications wherein the interrogator outputs a continuous wave signal and the radio frequency identification device selectively reflects radio frequency energy of the continuous wave signal to output the radio frequency response signal comprising a backscattered signal.

12. The system of claim 10 wherein the radio frequency identification device is configured to configure the one portion of the response signal to comprise a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises timing information absent of data content.

13. The system of claim 10 wherein the interrogator and the radio frequency identification device are configured to implement non-synchronized communications.

14. The system of claim 10 wherein the interrogator is configured to extract timing information from the response signal during the one portion and to adjust the timing of the timing signal during the sampling of the one portion to substantially align the timing signal with bits of the response signal to enable the sampling of the one portion of the response signal using the timing signal.

15. The system of claim 10 wherein timing information is substantially absent from the other portion of the response signal, and the adjustment of the timing of the timing signal during the sampling of the other portion of the response signal substantially aligns the timing signal with bits of the other portion of the response signal to enable the sampling of the other portion.

16. The system of claim 10 wherein the timing signal comprises a bit clock signal having a frequency substantially equal to a bit rate of the response signal to control sampling of bits of the response signal.

17. A radio frequency identification device communication system comprising:

an interrogator configured to output a radio frequency interrogation signal;

a radio frequency identification device configured to receive the interrogation signal and to output a radio frequency response signal responsive to the reception of the interrogation signal; and

wherein the interrogator is configured to synchronize a timing signal with the response signal to sample the response signal, wherein the interrogator is configured to adjust the timing signal responsive to timing information from the response signal to provide the synchronization during a first period of time and to adjust the timing signal responsive to information of the adjustments during the first period of time to provide the synchronization during a second period of time.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the interrogator and the radio frequency identification device are configured to implement non-synchronized communications.

19. The system of claim 17 wherein the interrogator is configured to adjust the timing signal to substantially align timing at the timing signal with bits of the response signal to enable sampling of the bits of the response signal.

20. The system of claim 17 wherein timing information is substantially absent from the response signal during the second period of time.

21. The system of claim 17 wherein the timing signal comprises a bit clock signal having a frequency substantially equal to a bit rate of the response signal to control sampling of bits of the response signal.

22. A transponder interrogator communication method comprising:

outputting an interrogation signal using a transponder interrogator;

receiving a response signal using the transponder interrogator and responsive to the outputting;

providing a timing signal;

synchronizing the timing signal with the response signal, the synchronizing comprising first adjusting the timing signal during a first period of time;

first sampling the response signal using the first adjusted timing signal;

compiling information regarding the first adjustments to the first adjusted timing signal;

wherein the synchronizing further comprises second adjusting the timing signal according to the compiled information during a second period of time; and

second sampling the response signal using the second adjusted timing signal.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the outputting comprises outputting the interrogation signal to a radio frequency identification device and the receiving comprises receiving the response signal from the radio frequency identification device.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the transponder interrogator and the radio frequency identification device implement non-synchronized communications.

25. The method of claim 22 further comprising extracting timing information from the response signal during the first period of time and the first adjusting comprises adjusting using the timing information.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the response signal is devoid of timing information during the second period of time.

27. The method of claim 22 wherein the synchronizing comprises synchronizing to align the timing signal with bits of the response signal enabling the first and the second samplings.

28. The method of claim 22 further comprising detecting error information comprising misalignment of the timing signal and bits of the response signal, and wherein the first adjusting is responsive to the detecting to align the timing signal and the bits of the response signal.

29. The method of claim 22 further comprising detecting an inability to synchronize the timing signal with bits of the response signal, and wherein the second adjusting according to the compiled information is responsive to the detecting.

30. The method of claim 22 wherein the providing the timing signal comprises generating a bit crock signal having a frequency substantially equal to a bit rate of the response signal.

31. A radio frequency identification device communication method comprising:

providing a radio frequency identification device and an interrogator;

outputting a radio frequency interrogation signal using the interrogator;

receiving the interrogation signal using the radio frequency identification device;

outputting a radio frequency response signal using the radio frequency identification device responsive to the receiving;

receiving the response signal using the interrogator, the receiving comprising receiving a first portion of the response signal prior to a second portion of the response signal;

sampling the first portion of the response signal using a timing signal of the interrogator;

providing error information comprising misalignment of the timing signal and bits of the first portion of the response signal using the interrogator; and

using the interrogator, sampling the second portion of the response signal using the error information.

32. The method of claim 31 further comprising outputting a continuous wave signal using the interrogator after the outputting the interrogation signal, and wherein the outputting the response signal comprises backscatter modulating the continuous wave signal.

33. The method of claim 31 wherein the interrogator and the radio frequency identification device are configured to implement non-synchronized communications.

34. The method of claim 31 wherein the providing the error information comprises extracting timing information from the response signal and detecting misalignment of the timing signal with respect to the timing information.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprising adjusting the timing of the timing signal using the timing information to align the timing signal with the bits of the first portion of the response signal.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprising detecting an absence of timing information within the second portion of the response signal, and wherein the sampling using the error information comprises sampling responsive to the detecting.

37. The method of claim 31 wherein the interrogator is configured to generate the timing signal corresponding to a bit rate of the response signal.

38. A radio frequency identification device communication method comprising:

providing a radio frequency identification device and an interrogator;

outputting a radio frequency interrogation signal using the interrogator;

receiving the interrogation signal using the radio frequency identification device;

outputting a radio frequency response signal using the radio frequency identification device responsive to the receiving;

first sampling data from one portion of the response signal at a plurality of first moments in time; and

second sampling data from an other portion of the response signal at a plurality of second moments in time, the second sampling comprising determining the second moments in time responsive to timing information extracted from the one portion of the response signal.

39. The method of claim 38 further comprising outputting a continuous wave signal using the interrogator after the outputting the interrogation signal, and wherein the outputting the response signal comprises backscatter modulating the continuous wave signal.

40. The method of claim 38 wherein the interrogator and the radio frequency identification device are configured to implement non-synchronized communications.

41. The method of claim 38 further comprising:

providing a timing signal to control the first sampling at the first moments in time;

adjusting the timing signal using the timing information during the first sampling; and

compiling information corresponding to the adjusting; and

wherein the determining the second moments in time using the compiling information.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the determining comprises adjusting the timing signal using the compiled information.

43. The method of claim 38 further comprising detecting an absence of timing information within the response signal, and wherein the second sampling comprises second sampling responsive to the detecting.